输入性传染源导致SARS院内感染暴发的流行特点  

Epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) outbreak in a hospital caused by an imported source of infection

作　　者：赵荣山[1] 李秀芹[1] 郝京生[1] 杨会锁[2] 王常有[1] 毛忠强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京军区联勤部军事医学研究所 [2]66296部队卫生处

出　　处：《华北国防医药》2003年第5期313-315,共3页Medical Journal of Beijing Military Region

摘　　要：目的　通过对一起输入性传染源引发的院内严重急性呼吸道综合征 (SARS)感染暴发进行调查 ,找出其流行特点 ,探讨发病规律和流行因素 ,为预防和控制院内SARS感染提供参考。方法　通过座谈了解、查阅病案和查看感染现场 ,描述整个感染传播过程和各因素与发病间的关系。结果　该院 3月 18日接诊了一名发热患者后 ,科内 5名员工相继发病 ,罹患率达 2 1 74%,整个感染过程可见清晰的传播链 ,感染与无防护密切接触、室内小环境空气质量差有关。发病潜伏期平均 10天以上 ,平均病程 49 4天。经采取隔离、消毒措施后 ,未见新发病。结论　该院内SARS感染首例传染源为输入性 ;急诊科护士是感染的高危人群 ;Objective To conduct a survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) outbreak in a hospital caused by an imported source of infection,to find out the epidemiological characteristics and to seek the epidemic factors in order to provide reference data for the prevention and control of the infection in hospital.Methods Interview,consultation of case records and field investigation were combined to describe the whole process of transmission in each case and to illustrate the relationships between the onset of the disease and the various factors.Results In last March 18,a case of fever was hospitalized.Consequently,5 staff in the same department got sick one after another with identical symptoms.The morbidity rate was 21.74%.A clear transmission chain was found in the pathogenic process of each case.Getting infected was closely related with or without absence of protection and poor quality of air inside the ward.On average,the incubation period was more than 10 days and the course of diseases was 49.4 days.No other new case was found after the isolation and antisepsis were taken.Conclusions The infectious source of the first SARS case in the hospital was confirmed to be imported;the high risk group was nursing staff of the emergency department;the main mode of transmission was close contact in short distance without any protection.

关 键 词：输入性传染源 SARS 严重急性呼吸综合症 传染性非典型肺炎 院内感染 暴发 流行特点 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R181.34[医药卫生—内科学]