甘肃马鹿夏冬季在祁连山高山草地的放牧行为  

Grazing behavior of Gansu wapiti (Cervus elaphus kansuensis) in summer & winter on the alpine grasslands of Qilianshan Mountain

作　　者：侯扶江[1] 李广[2] 杨逢刚 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院甘肃草原生态研究所中国农业科学院草原生态研究所,兰州730020 [2]甘肃农业大学计算机系,兰州730070 [3]肃南裕固族自治县鹿场肃南,744000

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第9期1807-1815,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(39630250);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划资助项目(90102011)~~

摘　　要：为了揭示甘肃马鹿放牧行为的季节差异及其与草地状况和气候等因素的关系,夏季和冬季在祁连山高山草地进行了观察研究。夏季,甘肃马鹿在灌丛中的采食速度从出牧到午间逐渐加快,午后至归牧变化趋势不明显;觅食速度日动态呈增加趋势;每步采食口数上午逐渐增大,午间最高,下午逐渐减少;在不同草地中,甘肃马鹿活动时间的长短依次为灌丛草地>莎草地>禾草地,采食速度依次为禾草地>莎草地>灌丛草地,觅食速度依次为莎草地>禾草地>灌丛草地,每步采食口数依次为禾草地>灌丛草地>莎草地;采食/反刍时间比2.4,1d反刍4次,反刍前后均采食,归牧前有1次采食高峰。冬季,马鹿的采食速度和每步采食口数日变化呈凸抛物线型,午间最高,采食速度与气温显著正相关;觅食速度的日变化呈凹抛物线,午间最低,与气温显著负相关;采食/反刍时间比为4.0,1d反刍2次,归牧前反刍时间较长,其后不再采食。冬季,马鹿的采食时间、反刍时间、采食速度、觅食速度、反刍咀嚼速度、每食团咀嚼次数和反刍总食团数比夏季低,采食行为的日动态较夏季稳定,但反刍行为的个体间差异高于夏季。Gansu wapiti (Cervus elaphus kansuensis) is one of 8 subspecies of wapiti in China and plays an important role in Qilianshan forestshrub ecosystem. The biggest population of Gansu wapiti is located in the Suan Deer Limited Co., which is typical in China because Gansu wapiti is grazed in seasonal rotations on different grazing lands, while the majority of the other wapiti subspecies are artificially fed in corrals over long periods. However, there are few studies on Gansu wapiti and its grazing behavior. Thus, the objective of this paper is to observe the grazing behavior of Gansu wapiti in winter and summer respectively, and analyze the effects of vegetation, landform and climate on its grazing behavior in order to provide basic data to maximise its grazing management.(1)Grazing behavior in summerDuring summer grazing, Gansu wapiti mainly intakes in shrub patches, usually ruminates in Cyperaceae patches, stays the longest time in shrub patches and the shortest in grass. In shrub patches, the rate of intake of Gansu wapiti gradually rose before noon, with no significant change noted in afternoon grazing. Thus, the foraging rate increased continuously throughout the day with the number of bites per step increasing before noon and decreasing in the afternoon. Chewed times per food bolus was generally lower after grazing than during grazing, while the order of intake rate, foraging rate and bites per step in different patch types were grass> Cyperaceae> shrub, Cyperaceae> grass> shrub and grass> shrub> Cyperaceae, respectively. The foraging rate was quicker in the transitional zones between Cyperaceae patches and shrub patches. Moreover, the rate of intake and number of bites per step in the slope shrub patches were higher than those on even ground. Intake rate, foraging rate and the times and time of rumination in rainy days were lower than that of sunny days. Results show that Gansu wapiti ruminated 4 times in a day and that the ruminating time was the longest at noon. Wapiti took the longest time to in

关 键 词：甘肃马鹿 高山草地 放牧行为 采食 反刍 

分 类 号：S825[农业科学—畜牧学]