快速城市化过程中土地覆盖格局研究——以深圳市为例  

A study on the pattern of land cover during rapid urbanization:Shenzhen City as a case study

作　　者：袁艺[1] 史培军[1] 刘颖慧[1] 谢锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源科学研究所北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第9期1832-1840,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部跨世纪人才资助项目(1998~2003);国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(39899374)~~

摘　　要：研究一个以城市化过程为主的土地利用/覆盖变化可以从不同的角度出发。选择景观生态学中的景观格局的研究方法,对快速城市化地区——深圳市的城市化过程中的土地利用/覆盖的动态变化进行研究。具体选择景观格局指数中的破碎度指数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和聚集度指数,来表征斑块水平、景观水平、区域水平3个不同层次的土地覆盖格局。首先在区域水平上,分析了深圳全市,以及经济特区和特区外的宝安区、龙岗区的土地覆盖格局变化。在此基础上,以研究区的镇级行政单元为景观单元,计算了镇级行政区域以及镇级行政区海拔0～30m的区域的景观格局指数,在景观水平上分析了区域经济发展水平和速度,以及地形因素对土地覆盖格局变化的影响。随后分析了研究区各土地覆盖类型以及不同时期的斑块水平上的土地覆盖格局。最后以城镇用地比例表征城市化水平,讨论了城市化水平与土地覆盖格局变化的关系。在城市化初期,景观类型多样性和斑块破碎化程度出现上升趋势,空间聚集性下降,生态安全问题开始突现。在城市化水平20%～40%之间,其景观类型多样性和斑块破碎化程度达到较高水平,而空间聚集度水平较低,生态安全水平明显下降;随着城市化过程的不断深入,城市化水平不断提高。Various approaches can be taken to study land use/cover change caused primarily by urbanization. In this paper, landscape pattern analysis is chosen to study the land use/cover change in Shenzhen City where urbanization is rapidly developing. Indices of fragmentation, ShannonWeaver diversity and congregation were chosen to illustrate the land cover pattern change at three levels from the patch level, landscape level to the region level. The change of land cover patterns at the region level was first analyzed in four regions including the whole study area, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Bao'an District and Longgang District. Taking the administrative divisions at the township level as the landscape unit, indices of landscape pattern were calculated to analyze the impact of regional economic level and development speed and the landform on changes of land cover patterns in administrative divisions at the township level and their areas whose elevation is between 0 and 30 meters. Then, the land cover patterns of different land cover types in different periods were studied at the patch level. Finally, using the ratio of urban land area to total land area as the level of urbanization, we analyzed the relationship between the urbanization level and the land cover pattern changes. During the 20 years of urbanization in Shenzhen City, the land cover pattern has changed intensively at all levels of landscape. For the whole city, the Special Economic Zone, Bao'an District and Longgang District, the landscape diversity and patch fragmentation experienced a rise at first and followed by a decrease at the end, but the change pattern of spatial congregation is reversed. The change increment and sequence of those four regions were different, showing that the development of the Special Economic Zone is earlier and its development speed is greater than the region out of the Special Economic Zone. In Shenzhen City, the gradient of urbanization points from inside of the Special Economic Zone outward.The economic develo

关 键 词：土地覆盖格局 生态安全 深圳市 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]