蝗虫微孢子虫病对东亚飞蝗聚集行为的影响  

Effect of Nosema locustae on aggregation behavior of oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis)

作　　者：石旺鹏[1] 张龙[1] 闫跃英[1] 严毓骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第9期1924-1928,共5页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30100121)~~

摘　　要：采用行为生测法和触角电位法研究了感染蝗虫微孢子虫病的东亚飞蝗对其聚集信息素粗提物的行为反应。在第3龄时部分蝗虫每头接种106个蝗虫微孢子虫,与健虫同一条件下饲养。用二氯甲烷从健康蝗虫的粪便、体表或卵囊中抽提聚集信息素,粗提物经纯化和浓缩后保存于冰柜中待用。结果表明,感病飞蝗对其信息素的感受能力下降,聚集行为反应减弱。行为生物测定发现,微孢子虫病对第4龄雌性蝗虫和第5龄蝗虫的聚集行为有明显的抑制作用,而对第4龄雄蝗的影响较小;总的看来,信息素粗提物对感病雄蝗和高龄蝗虫的作用分别高于对感病雌蝗和低龄蝗虫的作用。触角电位(EAG)测定表明,感染了微孢子虫病的东亚飞蝗蝗蝻和成虫,对其信息素粗提物的敏感性降低,且对不同来源的聚集信息素的电生理反应不同,其中对从雄性成熟蝗虫、第4龄蝗蝻及第5龄病虫的粪便中抽提制备的信息素粗提物、第4龄蝗蝻粪便挥发物、第4龄蝗蝻活虫体表挥发物的电生理反应显著下降;但对第5龄雌蝗和第5龄散居型蝗虫的粪便抽提物的电生理活性,病健虫无明显差异。此研究结果证明,施用微孢子虫治蝗时,微孢子虫对蝗虫的聚集行为有明显的影响,为微孢子虫的控害机理提供了新的证据。The aggregation behavior of oriental migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Nosema locustae was studied using a behavior bioassay and an electroantennograph (EAG). Third instar laboratory reared locusts were inoculated with Nosema locustae at a dose of 106 spores/individual. Pheromones were extracted from the feces and body of healthy locusts using dichloromethane. These crude extracts were purified and concentrated and then stored in a deep freeze until use. Locusts infected with Nosema locustae had a reduced sensitivity to the crude pheromone extracts and had decreased aggregation ability. The behavior bioassay demonstrated a significant reduction in aggregation behavior of the fourth instar females and fifth instars of both sexes. Overall, the effect of the crude extracts on aggregation of infected locusts is greater with males than females and is greater with older instars than younger instars. Analysis of EAG demonstrated a decrease in the electronic physiological activity of the infected adults. The reduction was particularly evident in infected females that had a significantly reduced EAG response to the feces of adult males and to the volatiles from eggs and the body of adult males. Infected adult males had a reduced response only to the feces of adult males. Infected locusts had a general reduced EAG response to the crude extracts from nymphs. Infected adults and 5th instar nymphs had a reduced response to the feces and body volatiles of the 4th instars and to the feces extracts of healthy 4th and infected 5th instars. But there was no marked difference in EAG response to the feces extracts from 5th instar females and 5th instar solitary locusts. These experiments demonstrate that when it is used to control locusts, Nosema locustae has significant behavioral effects. The conclusions are new evidences controlling locusts using Nosema locustae.

关 键 词：东亚飞蝗 蝗虫微孢子虫 聚集信息素 聚集行为 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]