缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织面积密度变化及其机制的研究  

Changes of pulmonary tissue area density and their mechanisms in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

作　　者：汪盛贤[1] 于中和[2] 周颖[1] 郑闵琴[1] 龚俐[3] 简燚[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都军区总医院病理科,成都610083 [2]北京军区总医院呼吸内科 [3]四川大学成人教育学院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2003年第5期350-352,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 9770 3 42 )

摘　　要：目的　研究缺氧性肺动脉高压 (HPH)肺组织面积密度变化及其机制。方法　模拟海拔5km高原连续缺氧 ,制备HPH大鼠动物模型 ,用图像分析、光镜、电镜、组织化学等方法分析、观察缺氧后 10、2 0、30d和平原对照组肺组织面积密度及形态学变化。结果　缺氧后大鼠肺组织面积密度明显增加 ,以 2 0d和 30d为著 ,缺氧 10d时为 2 7.0 8%± 1.2 9%、2 0d时为 31.33%± 0 .72 %、30d时为31.10 %± 1.95 % ,与对照组 ( 2 2 .78%± 1.17% )比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。缺氧 2 0d时与 10d比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,缺氧 30d与 10d比较 ,差异无显著性 ,但其P值 ( 0 .0 5 7)接近显著性水平。大鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞 (PⅡ )不同程度肿胀、退变 ,板层体减少或空化 ;肺泡腔表面活性物质 (PS)呈泡沫状。各级小动脉管壁增厚 ;毛细血管内中性粒细胞滞留、嵌塞 ,血小板聚集 ;内皮细胞肿胀 ,基底膜增厚。结论　缺氧可引起大鼠肺组织面积密度增加 ,肺泡有效气体交换面积减少。其变化与PⅡ和PS系统受损所致的肺萎陷、肺血管结构重塑。Objective To investigate the changes of pulmonary tissue area density and their mechanisms in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH). Methods 54 Wistar rats were divided into hypoxia 10 d(n=12),20 d(n=12),30 d(n=12)groups and control group(n=18).The rats in hypoxia groups were exposed to a simulated hypoxia environment at a height of 5 km above sea level to establish HPH models.The changes in pulmonary tissue area density and pathological morphology were determined by image analysis,optical microscope,electron microscope and histochemistry. Results After hypoxia,the pulmonary tissue area density markedly increased on 10 d (27.08% ±1.29%, P <0.05),especially on 20 d(31.33%±0.27%) and 30 d(31.10%± 1.95%) while that in control group was 22.78%±1.17%( P <0.01).The area density on 20 d was higher than that on 10 d( P <0.05) but there wasn't significantly different between 10 d and 30 d( P =0.057) after hypoxia.Pathological examination showed:edema and collapse of pulmonary tissue,swelling and degeneration of type II alveolus epithelial cells(PⅡ);congestion,accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets in capillaries;swelling and degeneration of endothelial cells,thickening of basement membranes. Conclusions Hypoxia can induce increase in pulmonary tissue area density and decrease in aerial exchange area in alveoli.These changes may be related to the pulmonary collapse caused by the damage of PII and pulmonary surfactant system,structural remodeling of small pulmonary arteries,increase in blood cells and protein granules in alveolar cavity.

关 键 词：缺氧性肺动脉高压 大鼠 肺组织 面积密度 超微病理 

分 类 号：R543.2[医药卫生—心血管疾病]