西藏日喀则流沙固定的几个问题  

Issues Concerning Shifting Sand Stabilization at Zigaze, Tibet

作　　者：刘志民[1] 高红瑛[2] 蒋德明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]大连理工大学人文与社会学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2003年第6期665-669,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程重大项目"科尔沁沙地退化生态系统恢复技术与示范";中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新工程面上创新课题"东北西部生态脆弱区生态环境评估和恢复对策研究"资助

摘　　要：1995年首次在西藏日喀则进行固沙植物的引种试验,大多数中国内地固沙植物不适应该地的流动沙丘,沙面高温和生长季短是主要制约因素。沙木蓼和籽蒿表现最好;油蒿种子不能成熟,因此不能做后续植物;乡土植物砂生槐在播种当年出苗率低、生长缓慢,只能用做后期植物。在西藏日喀则,有效的植物固沙程序是:在保护措施(草方格沙障、砾石层)下,在流动沙丘上播种外来种沙木蓼、籽蒿和油蒿或移栽籽蒿,同时播种乡土植物砂生槐。在沙木蓼和籽蒿种群衰退、油蒿种群未衰退但不能靠天然下种自行更新时,砂生槐开始发挥固沙作用,并最终凭其适沙特性和长寿命接替先锋固沙植物有效地固定沙丘。选择乡土固沙植物应将重点放在蒿属和锦鸡儿属上。Some issues concerning shifting sand stabilization at Zigaze of Tibet were discussed in this paper. The early experiments on the selection and planting techniques of sand binding plants suitable to Zigaze were conducted in 1995. Most of the plants introduced from inland China were proved to be unsuccessful ones at Zigaze, and mobility of sand and insufficiency of growing season were main factors responsible for the introduction failure. \%Atraphaxis bracteata\% and \%Artemisia sphaerocephala\% were the best sand binding plants among the introduced inland species. At Zigaze, seeds of \%Artemisia ordosica\% were not able to mature; accordingly \%Artemisia ordosica\% was not able to be the successor of the pioneering plants. Native species, \%Sophora moorcroftiana\%, had bad performance in germination in the sowing year, and its growth was also very slow, thus it is better to employ it as the successor of the pioneering sand binding plants. At Zigaze, the procedure to stabilize shifting sand effectively is as follows: under the protective measures (straw checkerboard barrier or gravel layer for covering shifting sand), exotic species such as \%Atraphaxis bracteata\%, \%Artemisia sphaerocephala\% and \%Artemisia ordosica\%, together with native species \%Sophora moorcroftiana\%, were sown or transplanted to stabilize the shifting sand. The expected results would be that after \%Atraphaxis bracteata\% and \%Artemisia sphaerocephala\% degenerated, \%Sophora moorcroftiana\% begin to exert the function of stabilizing the shifting sand, and furthermore, it can stabilize the shifting sand very long due to its adaptability to shifting sand and its long life span as the successor of the pioneering sand binding plants. The emphasis should be put on \%Artemisia\% and \%Caragana\% genera when native sand binding plants are to be selected.

关 键 词：西藏 流沙固定 固沙植物 外来种 乡土植物 砂生槐 植物引种 

分 类 号：Q948.13[生物学—植物学]