宜兴茶园土壤侵蚀及生态影响  

SOIL EROSION AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS IN YIXING TEA PLANTATION

作　　者：张燕[1] 杨浩[1] 金峰[1] 张洪[2] 彭补拙[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]南京大学城市与资源学系,南京210093

出　　处：《土壤学报》2003年第6期815-821,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目 (4 983 1 0 70 );国家自然科学基金项目 (4 9973 0 2 7)资助

摘　　要：茶园是苏南丘陵坡地的一种典型利用方式 ,其上发生的土壤侵蚀及产生的生态影响不容忽视。而要测度土壤侵蚀 ,137Cs示踪法是目前使用较多的一种有用工具 ,但要用此法 ,需找到研究区的137Cs背景值 ,并建立合适的估算模型。本文在对宜兴茶园研究时 ,确定了这里的137Cs背景值为 2 2 0 0Bqm- 2 ,并建立了估算耕作土壤的较合理的模型h =Hc× (Cref-Ct) /(Cref-Cin)。在此基础上衡量了研究对象的土壤侵蚀量 ;并进一步探讨了由此引发的生态影响 ,包括土层减薄、土壤质地改变和养分流失这样的直接影响 ,以及与之相应的一些间接影响 ,如能耗增加、水体富营养化及土地适宜性变化等 ;并且 ,还采用等值侵蚀模数这个指标 。Planting tea is a typical way of land use of hillside fields in hilly regions of South Jiangsu Province. But the resultant soil erosion and its ecological impacts there should not be ignored. In order to measure soil erosion, the 137Cs tracer method is a useful tool at present. However it is necessary to find out the background value of 137Cs in the region and set up an applicable model for this method. After careful study the 137Cs background value of the study area is 2 200 Bq m -2 and a model for estimating erosion of cultivated soil is set up as h=H c×(C ref-C t)/(C ref -C in). Based on the above work, the soil erosion rates are estimated and both direct and secondary ecological impacts of soil erosion are further discussed. The direct ecological impacts are thinning surface soil layers, deteriorating soil structure and decreasing soil nutrients. The secondary impacts include increase in fertilizer application and energy consumption, entrophication of waterbodies and change in landuse adaptability. In order to reveal seriousness of the damage of soil erosion to cultivated sloping fields in south Jiangsu Province by comparing with that in the Loess Plateau and red soil regions, an equivalent erosion module is put forward as index.

关 键 词：宜兴市 茶园 土壤侵蚀 生态环境 影响因素 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S158.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]