旱作及水作条件下稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的观察研究  

METHANE AND NITROUS OXIDE FLUXES IN AEROBIC AND WATERLOGGED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF RICE CROP

作　　者：李曼莉[1] 徐阳春[1] 沈其荣[1] 周春霖[2] 黄新宇[1] 殷晓燕[1] 尹金来[2] Dittert K 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224002 [3]德国基尔大学

出　　处：《土壤学报》2003年第6期864-869,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (批准号 :3 0 0 70 446)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究不同土表覆盖处理旱作和水作水稻全生育期内土壤微量气体的排放。结果表明 ,旱作稻田当季N2 O的排放总量是水作稻田的 5～ 6倍 ,而水作稻田CH4 的排放总量是旱作稻田的8～ 1 9倍。不同覆盖旱作处理N2 O的排放总量为 :裸露 >覆膜 >盖草 ,CH4 排放总量为 :覆膜 >裸露 >盖草。水作稻田CH4 的排放与水稻生育期关系密切 ,以分蘖盛期的 5 0mgm- 2 h- 1为最大。旱作稻田N2 O的排放与施氮关系密切 ,其排放通量峰值出现的时间因施氮时期不同而异 ,基肥的峰值 (2 1 1 6 7μgm- 2 h- 1)出现在施肥后第 1 1d ;分蘖肥的峰值 (4 3 94 3 μgm- 2 h- 1)出现在施肥后第 9～ 1 0d ;穗肥的峰值则在施肥后的第 6d出现 ,达 3 3 3 5 0 μgm- 2 h- 1。A field experiment was carried out in Yancheng to assess CH 4 and N 2O emission rate in such two different cultivation systems of rice as traditional paddy production and aerobic production with different covers. There were four treatments, i.e., three treatments designed in aerobic rice production system such as the plots covered with plastic film (Ⅰ), straw mulch (Ⅱ) and bare (without any cover) (Ⅲ) and one treatment in waterlogged rice production (as CK). The emission of N 2O and CH 4 was measured during the entire cultivation period in the two completely different cultivation system. The results obtained were as follows. The total N 2O fluxes in aerobic condition was five to six times higher than that in paddy soil, while the total emissions of CH 4 in paddy soil was eight to nineteen times higher than that in aerobic condition. The total N 2O emissions during the growth period of rice within the three treatments in aerobic condition were significantly different. They were in the order of Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ, whereas the order of the total CH 4 emissions was Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ. The maximum emission rate of CH 4 (5.0 mg CH 4 m -2h -1) from waterlogged soil was found in the tillering stage of the rice crop. Fertilization was the primary factor affecting the N 2O emissions in aerobic condition. The peaks of the emission rates of N 2O from aerobic soil were observed in the eleventh day, the ninth to tenth day and the sixth day after N applied as basal fertilizer, applied at tillering and booting stage, respectively.

关 键 词：旱作 水作 稻田 CH4 N2O 排放量 土表覆盖 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]