砂培条件下施加钙、砷对蜈蚣草吸收砷、磷和钙的影响  

Effects of Ca and As addition on As, P and Ca uptake by hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. under sand culture

作　　者：廖晓勇[1] 肖细元[1] 陈同斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复室,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第10期2057-2065,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 40 2 30 2 2 );国家自然科学基金面上资助项目 ( 40 0 710 75);国家重大基础研究前期专项资助项目 ( 2 0 0 2 CCA0 380 0 )~~

摘　　要：在砂培条件下 ,研究施加钙、砷对蜈蚣草生长和砷、磷和钙的吸收及转运的影响。添加砷对蜈蚣草的生物量 (根、叶柄和羽叶的干物重 )虽未达到显著影响 (p<0 .0 5) ,但添加 0 .1 mmol/L砷时 ,表现出刺激生长效应。提高介质中钙浓度明显抑制蜈蚣草根系生长 ,钙浓度过高还会显著限制地上部生长。供应 0 .0 3mmol/L钙时 ,蜈蚣草羽片砷浓度为 42 1 8mg/kg,明显高于 2 .5和 5 mmol/L钙处理下相应的砷浓度。砷的转运系数 (羽片 /根 )随着介质中砷浓度的升高而增大 ,随着介质中钙浓度的升高而减少。这说明一定范围内提高介质中砷浓度促进砷向地上部运输 ,而钙却明显抑制砷向地上部转运。钙和砷浓度过高时 ,植株均会出现中毒症状。钙中毒表现为叶脉变褐和叶肉坏死 ;而砷中毒现象表现在叶尖和叶缘变褐。介质中砷限制蜈蚣草根部对磷的吸收 ,但对地上部磷浓度无显著影响。介质中添加砷 ,植物体内钙浓度升高 ,可能起缓解砷毒的作用。钙、砷对蜈蚣草羽片砷累积量和总累积量均有极显著的交互作用 ,钙是负交互效应 ,砷是正交互效应。添加 2 .5和 5.0 mmol/L钙时 ,相对于 0 .0 3 mmol/L钙处理分别减少地上部砷累积量 2 0 .8%和73.1 %。这表明在应用蜈蚣草进行植物修复时 。Arsenic, P and Ca uptake by Pteris vittata L., as affected by Ca and As addi tions, were studied under sand culture. The 3×3 factorial experiment was conduc ted with three As concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0 2 mmol/L) and three Ca concentrations (0 03, 2 5 and 5 0 mmol/L). Although biomass of root, petiole and pinna of Pteris vittata L. were not significantly (p<0 05) affected by As addition levels, petiole and pinna dry biomass production respon ded to As treatments in an identical way, and plant treated with 0 1 mmol/L had the highest dry matter weight (22% and 26% greater than 0 and 0 2 mm olAs/L treatments, respectively) followed by plants treated with 0 and 0 2 mmol /L When plants were supplied with Ca at rates of 0 03 and 2 5 mmol/L, a sign ificant increase in the petiole and pinna dry matter was observed as compared wi th those of 5 0 mmol/L Ca treatment Addition of Ca at rate of 5 0 mmol/L si gnificantly increased As concentration of petiole but decreased that of pinna co mpared to those of 0 03 mmol/L. Plant treated with 0 03 mmol/L Ca had the high est As concentration, 4218mg/kg, in pinna compared to those of 2 5 and 5 0 mmo l/L. Ratio in As concentration of pinna to root enhanced with increasing As conc entration in media, while reduced with increasing Ca concentration, showing that Ca inhibited As translocation. Pinna suffered As toxicity presenting brown colo ration and necrosis at the tips and margins. Vein became dark and part mesophyll gangrened, because of Ca phytoxicity for the fern. Arsenic in nutrient solution significantly depressed root P nutrient, however it had less effect on abovegro und P concentration. Comparing to control, As application enhanced Ca concentrat ion in root (12% more than control) and pinna (13% more than control), reduced t hat in petiole (22% less than control). There was significantly interaction of C a and As on plant As accumulation, and Ca was negative while As was positive. Ad ded Ca at rate of 2 5 and 5 0 mmol/L, plants accumulated 6019 and 201

关 键 词：钙 砷 磷 交互 蜈蚣草 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]