宁夏引黄灌区耗水量及水均衡模拟  

WATER DEMAND AND WATER BALANCING SIMULATION FOR YELLOW RIVER IRRIGATED AREAS

作　　者：秦大庸[1] 于福亮[1] 裴源生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《资源科学》2003年第6期19-24,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"黄河水资源演变规律与二元演化模型"(编号:G1999043602);国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(编号:79830040)。

摘　　要：在系统地分析和总结以前有关研究成果的基础上,通过搜集和整理大量的试验观测资料,研究了宁夏不同地区地下水浅水埋深条件下的产汇流规律。由于引黄灌区受到引黄灌溉的人类活动影响十分激烈,大量的引黄水量使灌区形成了类似于江南的自然景观和下垫面条件,其产汇流规律与所处的干旱半干旱地区的一般性规律相差甚远,而与湿润半湿润地区基本相同。利用灌区引黄耗水量与引黄灌区降水量系列资料进行统计和分析的结果表明,灌区引黄耗水量与灌区降水量之间呈显著的负相关关系,说明降水量对灌区引黄灌溉水量的有效利用和无效蒸发产生较大的影响作用。然后根据灌区作物生育过程需水、耗水机理和灌区的水循环规律,建立起基于灌溉动态需水量计算的灌区水均衡模型,对宁夏引扬黄灌区的引水、耗水、排水进行了系统分析和精确计算。最后以1995年为现状年计算了在75%降水频率条件下,灌区的农业总引水量为80 51×108m3,总耗水量为39 41×108m3,其中耗用黄河干流的水量为32 31×108m3,为正确地分析和研究确定引黄灌区的总耗水量和直接耗用的黄河水量提供了依据。On the basis of the review and the systematic analysis of the previous studies, patterns of runoff yield and flow concentration under condition of shallow groundwater were studied for several regions in Ningxia through collecting and analyzing large numbers of observed and test data. As irrigated by a large quantity of water withdrawn from the Yellow River, the Yellow River irrigated areas have been endowed with landscape and underlying surface conditions similar to those in areas of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. As a result, the patterns of runoff yield and flow concentration in the Yellow River irrigated areas are far different from those in arid and semiarid zones, while are approximately same as those in humid and semihumid zones. By analyzing the series data of precipitation and consumptive use of the water withdrawal in the Yellow River irrigated areas, the obvious negative correlation between the precipitation and the consumptive use was found. This indicates a considerable impact of precipitation on effective use and ineffective evaporation of the irrigating water withdrawn from the Yellow River. According to mechanism of the water requirement and consumption during the growing season of the irrigated crops and patterns of hydrological cycle in the irrigated areas, a waterbalancing model based on the calculation of dynamic irrigating water demand was developed for systematic analysis and precise calculation of the water withdrawal, consumption and drainage in the Yellow River irrigated areas in Ningxia. Selecting 1995 as present target year with 75% frequency of occurrence of precipitation, the calculation indicated a total quantity of irrigating water withdrawal of 8051×108m3, total consumptive use of 3941×108m3, including 3231×108m3 from the trunk Yellow River, providing the basis for exactly analyzing and determining the total consumptive use and the consumptive use directly from the Yellow River in the Yellow River irrigated areas.

关 键 词：宁夏 引黄灌溉 耗水量 水均衡模型 产汇流规律 动态需水量 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]