华北地区转Cry1A+CpTI和Cry1A基因棉棉田害虫和天敌昆虫的群落结构  

Effects of Transgenic Cottons Carrying Cry1A+CpTI and Cry1A Genes on the Structures and Composition of Pest and BeneficialArthropod Communities in Cotton Field in North China

作　　者：郦卫弟[1] 吴孔明[1] 陈学新[2] 封红强[1] 徐广[1] 郭予元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094 [2]浙江大学应用昆虫学研究所,杭州310029

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2003年第5期494-499,共6页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2001AA212271);"973"项目(001CB109004)资助。

摘　　要：2000～2001年采用背负式机动吸虫器取样法研究了转抗虫基因棉,双价(Cry1A+CpTI)转基因棉(SGK321)和Bt(Cry1A)棉(GK12),棉田的害虫和天敌群落结构.结果表明,从害虫群落组成上看,转抗虫基因棉田平均查得15科19种,从普通棉不施药和施药对照田平均分别查得14科17.5种和13.5科17.5种;转抗虫基因棉田的主要种类数量多于普通棉不施药和施药对照田,普通棉施药田主要优势种类为烟粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)和棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)2种;转抗虫基因棉田的绿盲蝽(Lygus lucorum)高于普通棉不施药和施药对照田,棉铃虫(Helicoverpa arrnigera)是普通棉不施药对照田的常见种,转抗虫基因棉田则无.从天敌群落组成上来看,从转抗虫基因棉田共查得平均24.3科39.3种,从普通棉不施药和施药对照田平均分别查得24科43.5种和25科38种;微小花蝽、姬小蜂(Chrysonotormyia)和异须盲蝽(Cumpylomma diversicomis)为转基因棉和普通棉不施药对照的优势种,蜘蛛(Araneida)的优势度有所上升并成为丰盛种;而在普通棉施药处理田中,棉短瘤蚜茧蜂(Trioxys rietscheli)和龟纹瓢虫(Propylaea japonica)为优势种,寄生蚜虫跳小蜂(Aphidencyrtus shikokiana)、棉短瘤蚜茧蜂(Trioxys rietscheli)和黄足蚜小蜂(Aphelinus flavipes)数量有所上升,成为丰盛种.相比而言,转抗虫基因棉田害虫和天敌的主要种类数量都明显多于普通棉施药田,表明转抗虫基因棉有利于保护棉田的生物多样性和棉田生态系统的管理.The effects of transgenic cotton on the structures and composition of pest and beneficial arthropod communities in the cotton fields were investigated during 2000~2001 in north China. The field experiments were conducted in non-insecticide application plots of transgenic cottons (SGK321, transgenic cotton variety containing Cry1A+CpTI gene, GK12, transgenic cotton variety carrying Cry1A gene) and conventional cotton (Shiyuan 321 and Simian 3), and in plots of conventional cotton (Shiyuan 321 and Simian 3) where pyrethroid insecticides were used regularly against cotton bollworm. The results showed that the species number of pests and beneficial arthropods in transgenic cotton plots were almost the same as those in conventional cotton field, but the species composition and dominancy were significantly different. For the structure and composition of pest community, the following results were obtained: 19 species of 15 families on an average were observed in transgenic cotton filed whereas 17.5 species of 14 families on an average obtained from untreated conventional cotton plots and 17.5 species of 13.5 families on an average from insecticide-treated conventional cotton filed; More rich pest species occured in transgenic cotton plots than in conventional cotton field where the insecticide-treated plots were almost dominant by two species, Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii ;population of Lygus lucorum in transgenic cotton plots was much higher than that in conventional cotton field; Helicoverpa armigera was the common species on conventional cotton but absent on transgenic cotton. For the structure and composition of beneficial arthropod community, the following results were observed: 39.3 species of 24.3 families on an average were collected from transgenic cotton filed whereas 43.5 species of 24 families on an average obtained from untreated conventional cotton plots and 38 species of 25 families on an average from insecticide-treated conventional cotton filed; Orius similes , Campylomma diversicornis and specie

关 键 词：转抗虫基因棉花 害虫 天敌 优势度 群落结构 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S435.62