高速气流吹袭时人上肢气动力特性  

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Crewman′s Arms During Windblast

作　　者：张云然[1] 吴桂荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2003年第5期344-348,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国家载人航天工程项目资助

摘　　要：目的研究抬腿和不抬腿两种姿态下有 /无防护时 ,人上肢的气动力特性。方法在FL 2 4风洞中进行 1 /5人椅模型跨超声速风洞试验 ,研究人上肢各部的气动力特性。马赫数M =0 .4～ 2 .0 ,俯仰角α =5°～ 30°,侧滑角 β=0°～ 90°,雷诺数Re =( 0 .93～ 3.1 )× 1 0 6。结果 1 )抬腿对上肢气动特性有明显影响 ,其影响大小与抬腿状态有关 ;2 )侧滑一般使上肢气动载荷明显增加 ,特别是 β =5 0°是试验中上肢载荷比较严重的状态 ;3)所研究的防护装置 ,特别是导流板 ,对上肢的保护作用明显 ;4)提出了人上肢气动力的计算公式。结论 1 )本研究的防护装置 ,特别是导流板 ,对上肢的保护作用明显。 2 )本研究可为研制人上肢高速气流吹袭防护装置和制定相关标准提供可靠依据 ;3)人上肢气动力的计算可使用本文公式。Objective To study the aerodynamic characteristics of crewman′s arms with or without protective devices in the status with raised legs or not. Method The experiments were performed in an FL 24 transonic and supersonic wind tunnel, over Mach number range of 0.4～2.0, with 5°～30°angles of attack, 0°～90°sideslip angles and Re number of (0.93～3.1)×10 6. The test model was a 1/5 scale crewman/ejection seat combination. The aerodynamic characteristics of the various sections of crewman′s arms were studied and analyzed. Result The results showed that 1) The effect of raised leg on the aerodynamic characteristics of the crewman′s arms was very evident, and was related to the status of leg raising;2) The sideslip considerably increased aerodynamic loads on the crewman′s arms, in particular when β=50° the loads was severe in the test;3) The tested protective devices was valid, the effectiveness of wind deflector in protecting crewman′s arms was evident;4) A formula for calculating aerodynamic force acting on crewman′s arms was presented. Conclusion 1)The tested protective devices was valid, and the effectiveness of wind deflector in protecting crewman′s arms was evident;2) An aerodynamic basis for the development of crewman windblast protective device was presented;3)The calculation formula presented is useful in estimating aerodynamic forces of crewman′s arms.

关 键 词：弹射座椅 风洞试验 气动力试验 气动力分析 人体空气动力学 

分 类 号：R852.2[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]