国产6种点地梅属植物的核型及其系统学意义  

Karyotypical studies of 6 species of Androsace(Primulaceae)in China with reference to their systematic significance

作　　者：黄荣福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2003年第10期1700-1712,共13页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院生物分类区系特别支持费资助项目( 9715) ;中国科学院重点支持项目的子课题(高山植物的适应与进化研究)(KZ952-S1 )

摘　　要：报道了点地梅属6种12个居群的染色体数目和核型.它们的染色体数目 2n 、核型公式 KF 、染色体相对长度组成 CRL 、核型不对称性系数 A.sK% 和核型类型 KT 分别为:点地梅在南京的2个居群都是2n=2x=20,KF=18m+2sm,CRL=2L+6M2+10M1+2S,核型KT属于1A型,但核型不对称性系数As.K%分别是55.04%和56.71%;北点地梅在内蒙古锡林郭勒和白音锡勒居群的2n=2x=20,KF分别为16m+2sm+2st+1b和16m+2sm+2st+4b,染色体相对长度组成分别是14M2+4M1+2S+1b和12M2+6M1+2S+4b,核型不对称性系数As.K%分别是57.65%和58.86%,属2A型和2B型;高原点地梅在青海玛沁县昌马河居群和兴海县温泉居群都是2n=2x=20,KF=10m+8sm+2st.但相对长度组成分别为12M2+8M1和4L+6M2+6M1+4S,As.K%分别是60.35%和62.57%,属2A型和2B型;雅江点地梅在青海玛多县巴颜喀拉山居群和大通县达坂山居群分别为2n=4x=40和2n=6x=60,KF=36m+2sm+2st和KF=46m+10sm+4st+2b,CRL=2L+20M2+14M1+4S和CRL=6L+30M2+16M1+8S+2b,As.K%分别为55.62%和58.31%,核型均属于2B;巴颜喀拉山北坡的鳞叶点地梅2n=40、60、80.西藏点地梅青海湖居群中有2种细胞型:12n=2x=24,KF=12m+6sm+6st+4b,CRL=6L+6M2+8M1+4S+4b,As.K%=65.74%,核型属2B;22n=2x=22,KF=14m+4sm 2SAT +4st,CRL=4L+6M2+8M1 2SATReported in the present paper were chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 12 populations of 6 species in genus Androsace.Their chromosome number(2n),karyotype formula (KF),chromosome component of relative length (CRL),index of karyotype asymmetry (As.K%) and karyotype type (KT) are each represented as follows:2 populations of Androsace umbellata in Nanjing are all 2n=2x=20,KF=18m+2sm,CRL=2L+6M2+10M1+2S,KT belongs to lA,but As.K% are 55.04% and 56.71% respectively.The Xilin Gol population and Bayan Xil population of Androsace septentrionalis in Nei Mongol 2n=2x=20,KF=16m+2sm+2st+lb and KF=16m+2sm+2st+4b,CRL=14M2+4M1+2S+1b and CRL=12M2+6M1+2S+4b,As.K%=57.65% and 58.86%,KT belongs to 2A and 2B.The Qamalong population and Wenquan population of Androsace zambalensis in Qinghai are all 2n=2x=20,KF=10m+8sm+2st,but CRL=12M2+8M1 and 4L+6M2+6M1+4S,As.K%=60.35% and 62.57%,KT belongs to 2A and 2B respectively.The Bayanharashan population and Dabanshan population of Androsace yargonensis in Qinghai are respectively 2n=4x=40 and 2n=6x=60,KF=36m+2sm+2st and 46m+10sm+4st +2b,CRL=2L+20M2+14M1+4S and 6L+30M2+16M1+8S+2b,As.k%= 55.62% and 58.31%,KT of both populations all belong 2B,Androsace squarrosula in north slope of Bayanharashan is 2n=40,60,80.In the Qinghaihu population of Androsace mariae there are two types of karyotype:① 2n=2x=24,KF=12m+6sm+6st+4b,CRL=6L+6M2+8M1+4S+4b,As.K%=65.74%,KT belongs to 2B;② 2n=2x=22,KF=14m+4sm(2SAT)+4st,CRL=4L+6M2+8M(2SAT)+4S,As.K%=63.40%,KT belongs to 2B.There are also two types of karyotype in the Xishanwan of Xining population of Androsace mariae:① 2n=3x=36,KF=36m,CRL=4L+12M2+20M1,As.K%=54.82%,KT belongs to lA;② 2n=3x=33,KF=33m,CRL =3L+12M2+18M1,As.K%=52.11%,KT belongs to lA.The original basic number of chromosome of Androsace is thought to be x=10,and there are three types of chromosomal variation among species or populations:aneuploidy,polyploidy and asymmetry of the kary

关 键 词：染色体 核型 进化 点地梅属 分类系统 

分 类 号：Q949.773.2[生物学—植物学]