普通玉米高油化三利用技术生产效果研究  

Practical effects by utilizing TEU model to produce high oil grain with normal hybrid

作　　者：陈绍江[1] 解贵方 王俊忠 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学国家玉米改良中心,北京100094 [2]河南省农业技术推广总站,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2003年第5期43-48,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省农业厅资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30 170 5 6 4 );国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2 0 0 1AA2 4 10 5 5 )

摘　　要：试验以不育豫玉 2 2×高油 115、不育农大 3138×高油 115、不育农大 10 8×高油 115和不育豫玉 2 2×高油2 0 2共 4个配套组合为材料对普通玉米高油化三利用技术的生产效果进行了研究。不育普通玉米和高油授粉者种植行比为 4∶2。试验得到了以下结果 :高油化不育普通玉米与同型普通玉米相比 ,4个组合的穗行数均有增加 ,平均增加 0 .34行 ;千粒重、出籽率等性状则基本与普通玉米相同。 4个组合的产量表现为 3增产 1减产。这证实在三利用模式中 ,不育普通玉米高油化以后一般表现增产。另外 ,4个组合的蛋白质、油分、赖氨酸含量均有增加 ,分别比同型普通玉米增加 4 .14 %、32 .0 8%、4 .5 9% ,淀粉含量减少 1.6 %。相关分析表明 ,高油化普通玉米性状的相关性与同型可育杂交种明显不同 ,个别性状如蛋白质和油分之间的相关性质也发生了改变。在同型可育杂交种上二者的相关性为极显著负相关 ,而在高油化的普通玉米上表现为极显著正相关。从整个三利用模式综合分析 ,4个组合3减 1增 ,但幅度很小 ,与同型普通玉米没有明显差异 ;而品质性状的单位面积产量特别是油分的产量明显增加 ,平均增加 4 1.33%。这表明普通玉米高油化三利用模式可以通过配套杂交种的选择 。TEU (three effects utilization) model is an important measure to produce high oil grain with normal corn hybrid by oil xenia effect. To study its effects in maize production, 4 pairs of CMS normal hybrids and high oil pollinator, namely Cms-Yuyu22×HO115(1), Cms-ND3138×HO115(2), Cms-ND108×HO115(3)and Cms-Yuyu22×HO202(4),were used with large plot in the experiment. The row ratio of CMS normal hybrids and pollinator was 4∶2. Results showed that both yield and quality traits of CMS hybrids changed in some extent as compared with those of their regular corresponding one. For yield traits, ear row increased 0.34% or 2.46% in percentage,no much difference was found in the number of kernel per row, 1 000 grain weight and grain rate. Grain yield increases were found in the parent of cross 1(2.22%), 2(0.52%) and 4(1.38%), and yield decreased in cross 3(3.16%). For quality traits, the content of grain protein, oil, lysine and starch increased 4.14%, 32.08%, 4.59% and -1.6%. To count the CMS normal hybrid and pollinator together, no obvious yield difference were found in the 4 crosses, yet the yield of their quality traits especially oil yield per hectare increased 41.33% in average. The results confirmed that TEU model could be a new effective way in high oil and high quality corn production.

关 键 词：普通玉米 高油化 利用技术 生产效果 种植行比 高油授粉 穗行数 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]