从互助到保障和赔偿:船东保赔协会演变研究  

A Study of the Evolution of the P& I Club——From mutuality to protection and indemnity

作　　者：安丰明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆400031

出　　处：《现代法学》2003年第5期105-110,共6页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：船东保赔协会乃基于互助自保,由船东联盟分担航船风险的非盈利组织,经历了从一般的基尔特式的社团,到18世纪、19世纪早期的船舶保险协会,再发展为19世纪中下叶的船东互相保障与赔偿协会。船东保赔协会的发展路径受立法和船东所遭际的责任风险所影响和推动,其法律人格也经历了"合伙人说"、"个人集合说"和"法人说"。当今的船东保赔协会经营业务和服务方式发生了巨大的变化,协会之间与商业保险公司之间竞争激烈,呈现出市场化取向。The P. & I. Club is a non-profit association of shipowners formed for the mutual assurance of ships belonging to its members. The history of evolution from first associations of guild-style, to hull clubs and then the shipowners mutual protection and indemnity clubs, was affected by the legislation of the United Kingdom and motivated by the increase in liabilities being imposed on the nineteenth-century. The old associations were often treated as types of partnership, and sometimes were treated just as a collection of separately liable individuals. The modern P. & I. associations are generally registered companies limited by guarantee with no share capital. Nowadays, the competitive pressure made all the P. & I. associations take careful and active reforms tending to the market forces in their management and service for their respective members.

关 键 词：船东保赔协会 责任险 法律人格 市场化 赔偿协会 互助保险 船舶保险协会 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学]