鼎湖山顶级森林生态系统水文要素时空规律  

Spatial and temporal variations of some hydrological factors in a climax forest ecosystem in the Dinghushan region

作　　者：闫俊华[1] 周国逸[1] 张德强[1] 王旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第11期2359-2366,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省自然科学重点基金项目 ( 0 1 0 5 67);国家基础研究快速反应资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1 CCB0 0 60 0 );中国科学院海外青年合作基金资助项目~~

摘　　要：运用连续 7a( 1 993～ 1 999)的水文观测资料 ,对南亚热带顶级生态系统鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林集水区水文要素时空规律进行分析 ,得到如下一些主要结论 :( 1 )鼎湖山多年平均降水量为 1 91 0 mm,湿季降水量占年降水量 80 % ,干季仅占 2 0 %。 6月份的降水量最大 ,1月份最小。 ( 2 )季风常绿阔叶林冠层截留率为31 .8% ,湿季的截留量占全年截留量的 66.7% ,截留量最大值和最小值所在的月份分别为 7和 1月份。各月的截留率差异很大 ,截留量大的月份 ,截留率较低 ;截留量小的月份 ,截留率较高。 ( 3)季风常绿阔叶林集水区多年平均总径流量 95 3.0 mm,总径流系数 49.9% ,其中地表径流量为 2 5 2 .3mm,地表径流系数1 3.2 % ;地表径流与降水量之间存在二次抛物线型回归关系 ,与降水强度的关系不大 ,这说明季风常绿阔叶林的产流形式是是蓄满产流。 ( 4 )季风常绿阔叶林多年平均蒸散 948.2 mm,占同期降水量的 49.7% ;蒸散力 1 0 31 .4mm,年蒸散系数为 0 .92 ,蒸散月变化规律较降水量的月变化规律有所滞后。( 5 )系统贮水量的月变化很大 ,2～ 8月份 ,系统处于蓄水阶段 ;9月份至翌年 1月份 ,系统处于失水阶段。蓄水和失水的最大值分别出现在湿季和干季的第一个月 ,即 4月份和 1 0月份。 ( 6)Although most parts of landscape are arid or desert in the subtropics in the world, the subtropic region of South China is an exception, where monsoon evergreen broad leaf forest, the climax forest ecosystem in the region is conserved. Using field measurements from 1993 to 1999, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of some hydrological factors in this climax forest ecosystem. Main results are: (1) the average annual precipitation is 1910 mm, of which 80% is from wet seasons and 20% from dry seasons. The mean monthly precipitation is highest in June and lowest in January; (2) About 31 8% of rainfall is intercepted. Interception during wet season accounts for 66 7% of annual total. Canopy interception is highest in July and lowest in January. The rate of interception decreases within an increase in the amount of rainfall intercepted in the canopy; (3) the annual runoff is 953 0 mm with a coefficient of variation of 49 9%. The amount of annual surface runoff is 252 3 mm with a coefficient of variation of is 13 2%. Variation of annual surface runoff is more closely related to that of annual precipitation than rainfall intensity. (4) Average annual evapotranspiration in the monsoon evergreen broad leaf forest is 948 2 mm, which amounts to 49 7% of annual precipitation. Annual potential evapotranspiration is 1031 4 mm, and is similar to the amount of actual evapotranspiration. Temporal variation of monthly evapotranspiration lags behind that of monthly precipitation;(5) Monthly change in water storage in the ecosystem is significant. The amount of water stored in the catchment increases between February to August, and decreases during remaining months of a year. The increase in water storage of the catchment is highest in April, and the decrease in water storage is highest in October. (6) The mean annual water input to the catchment is 2129 9 mm, of which 1910 mm is from annual precipitation, and 219 9 mm from a change in the water storage. The mean annual total input of water is approximately

关 键 词：鼎湖山 顶级森林生态系统 季风常绿阔叶林 集水区 水文要素 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]