青藏高原生态系统土壤保持功能及其价值  

The function and economic value of soil conservation of ecosystems in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：肖玉[1] 谢高地[1] 安凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第11期2367-2378,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( #3 0 2 3 0 0 90 );中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目 ( KZCX3 -SW-3 3 3 )~~

摘　　要：在 GIS手段支持下 ,运用通用土壤流失方程 ( USLE)研究了青藏高原生态系统土壤保持功能 ,并评价了其经济价值。研究表明 ,在总面积为 1 .49× 1 0 8hm2的青藏高原林地、草地、沼泽和农田生态系统上 ,土壤保持总量为 3.77× 1 0 8t/a,其经济价值总计为 5 .5 9× 1 0 8RMB/a,占西藏和青海两省 (区 ) 2 0 0 0年种植业、林业和牧业收入的 6.1 7%。其中保持土壤养分的经济价值为 3.68× 1 0 8RMB/a,减少废弃土地的经济价值为0 .2 6× 1 0 8RMB/a,减少泥沙淤积的经济价值为 2 .0 0× 1 0 8RMB/a。由此可见 。Soil conservation is one of the basic functions provided by terrestrial ecosystems. Its importance has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The development of quantitative estimation of soil erosion supports an effective way to study the contribution of soil conservation functions of ecosystems. In view of the increasing degradation of soil, this article examines the economic values and the soil conservation functions from ecosystems in Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). The soil conservation functions analysed in QTP include: protection of soil fertility, reduction of soil disuse and decrease of soil deposit. The soil conservation of ecosystems is critical in QTP because it prevents soil erosion into the rivers, especially the heads of many main rivers of China, and protects farmlands. Soil erosion by water can result in the degradation of the quality of farmlands, which may lead to land disuse. Soil deposits from eroded soils can enter into water bodies and may decrease the capacities of water storage of lakes, rivers and reservoirs. Soil erosion may also result in a considerable loss of fertility in the surface soil. Ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, farmlands and wetlands, can thus prevent those phenomena from occurring by controlling soil erosion. In order to characterize the impacts of internal heterogeneity of the ecosystems, Geographical Information System methods were used to determine the area of four classes and twenty seven subclasses of vegetation cover, and the spatial distribution of economic value of soil conservation by the different ecosystems in QTP. An integrated spatial database was initially established using a workstation based Arc/Info system. The data sets include the vegetation map at the scale of 1∶1000000, the water systems map, and remote sensing landuse map at the scale of 1∶1000000 precipitation from May to October of 137 weather stations in QTP from 1990 to 2000. All of the data sets and topography for QTP were organized at the scale of 1∶4000000. The quantit

关 键 词：青藏高原 土壤保持 土壤侵蚀 通用土壤流失方程 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]