土壤动物与N素循环及对N沉降的响应  

Relationship of soil fauna and N cycling and its response to N deposition

作　　者：徐国良[1] 莫江明[1] 周国逸[1] 彭少麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广东肇庆鼎湖山树木园526070

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第11期2453-2463,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 2 70 2 83 );中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿资助项目;中国科学院华南植物研究所所长基金资助项目;广东省自然科学基金资助项目 (0 2 1 52 4)~~

摘　　要：以主要的生态过程之一—— N循环为对象 ,论述了土壤动物不仅对凋落物的分解有重要影响 ,而且在 N素矿化和植物对 N的吸收过程中也起着重要作用。同时 ,日益严重的全球变化问题之一—— N沉降对土壤动物的多样性及其在生态系统中的功能构成了极大的威胁。另还对土壤动物与 N循环研究的方法、土壤动物在 N循环过程中的作用机制、热带地区的需求及 N沉降下土壤动物的响应作了探讨 ,并提出 ,开展大尺度的专类研究及长期定位研究成为下一步研究的需要。This paper reviews based on available scientific knowledge the importance of soil fauna for N cycling and its response to N deposition. The functioning of terrestrial ecosystems depend highly on soil fauna biodiversity, which have characteristic impacts on ecosystem processes. N is usually a limited nutrient element for plant growth, and is also the quantitatively most important mineral element absorbed by plants from the soil. But the supply of N by turnover in the ecosystem fully depends on biological soil processes. The diversity of soil fauna is large and has important impact on this N turnover. It is suggested that 30 percent of N mineralization is due to the action of soil fauna, and the percentage is even higher under the action of macrofauna. Many soil fauna, such as earthworm, termite and enchytraeid can accelerate N mineralization rate significantly. The diversity of functional groups is important in the research of the effect of soil fauna community on N mineralization, but taxonomic diversity's effects are not significant. It is also recovered that soil fauna can enhance the efficiency of N absorption by plants, however, the mechanism of which is not known yet. N deposition is a serious environment problem globally. It changes soil physical and chemical characteristics, the quality of food, the mutual role of community, and even kill soil life forms directly. As a result, the diversity of soil fauna and its function in the ecosystem is affected by N deposition. The research methods used in studying soil fauna and N turnover, the impact and its mechanism of soil fauna on N turnover, and the responses of soil fauna to N deposition is discussed in this paper. The demands for soil fauna research in the tropic of N turnover and impact N deposition is outlined. .

关 键 词：土壤动物 N循环 N矿化 N沉降 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]