坡面薄层水流的土壤分离实验研究  

Soil detachment by shallow flow on slopes

作　　者：何小武[1] 张光辉[1] 刘宝元[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源与环境科学系

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2003年第6期52-55,共4页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (40 0 0 1 0 1 4 )

摘　　要：土壤分离是土壤侵蚀的重要过程之一。准确预测土壤分离对完善土壤侵蚀物理模型具有重要意义。利用变坡水槽实验测试了土壤分离速率与坡度和流量的关系 ,并与水流剪切力、水流功率和单位水流功率三种水动力参数进行比较 ,结果表明 :土壤分离速率随着坡度和流量的增加而线性增加 ;当流量小于某一临界流量时 ,土壤分离将不发生 ;利用坡度和流量回归的线性模型能准确预测土壤分离速率 ;在水流剪切力、水流功率和单位水流功率三个水力参数之间 ,水流功率是描述土壤分离速率的最好参数 ;比较坡度 -流量模型与水流功率模型 ,认为坡度 -流量模型更具有实用性和可操作性。Soil detachment is one of the most important components of soil erosion process. A precise prediction of this component is significant to the development of physical based erosion model. In this paper, the relationship between soil detachment rate and slope, flow rate, shear stress, stream power and unit stream power was discussed. The experimental results showed that soil detachment rates would be predicted by a linear function of flow rate and slope. Soil detachment does not occur until flow reaches a critical rate. Among shear stress, stream power and unit stream power, stream power is best related to soil detachment rate. Compared with stream power model, slope-flow rate model is more applicable and easier to operate.

关 键 词：薄层水流 土壤分离 水动力参数 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]