水稻钵苗空气整根气吸式有序移栽机的研究  

Air-sucking sequential rice transplanter for air-pruning tray grown seedlings

作　　者：包春江[1] 李宝筏[1] 包文育[1] 王瑞丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2003年第6期130-134,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目 (970 30 1 ) ;辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目 (972 1 1 4 )

摘　　要：采用空气整根育秧技术对水稻钵苗进行育秧试验 ,提出了水稻钵苗空气整根育秧、气吸取苗和投苗的有序移栽方案。试验结果表明 ,采用空气整根培育钵苗 ,根系遍布整个钵腔 ,生物学特性优于常规钵育秧 ,且移栽时钵体不易破碎和倒伏。采用空气整根钵盘 ,以较小的吸力 ,钵苗就可从钵腔底部取出 ,实现不伤苗和根的钵苗有序移栽。对气吸式水稻钵苗有序移栽机的总体方案设计、横纵向移箱装置、投苗装置进行了分析和研究 ,研制了样机。试验结果表明 ,由步进电机驱动齿轮齿条机构控制横纵向送秧箱 ,驱动曲柄摆杆机构控制吸气活门 ,由电磁铁控制导苗管投苗活门的单片机控制系统能够按时按序完成移箱、活门开启和关闭 ,实现投苗和送秧 ,满足水稻有序移栽农艺要求。Raising rice seedlings by air-pruning method and the sequential transplanting scheme of air-pruning seedling, extracting and launching seedlings by air sucking method were put forward. The experiment shows that the tray rice seedlings raised by air-pruning have many advantages. Because the seedling root system spreads all over the room, its biological characteristics are better than the conventionally raised seedlings so that it is not easily be cracked or lodged during transplanting. Seedlings can be easily extracted from the bottom of the air-pruning pot tray so that they can be transplanted sequentially with no damage. This paper also discussed the overall scheme, lateral and longitudinal bed shifting mechanism and the seedling dropping mechanism of the transplanter. The singlechip controlling system includes gear & rack mechanism and crank & rocker mechanism driven by step motor and the electromagnet. The gear & rack mechanism can be used to control the lateral and longitudinal shifting of seedling bed. The crank & rocker mechanism can be used to control opening and closing of the seedling-launching valve. And the seedling-launching valve of the seedling guiding tube was controlled by the electromagnet. Test shows that the singlechip controlling system can be used to shift the seedling bed, open and close the dropping valve and shift the seedlings on schedule, which meets the agricultural requirements of rice sequential transplanting.

关 键 词：水稻钵苗 空气整根 有序移栽 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]