新生儿先天性巨结肠的诊断与治疗  

Hirschsprung's disease in the newborn:clinical experience in China

作　　者：夏慧敏[1] 余家康[1] 钟微[1] 徐宏文[1] 李瑞琼[1] 伍连康 

机构地区：[1]广州医学院附属儿童医院外科,510120

出　　处：《中华普通外科杂志》2003年第11期660-662,共3页Chinese Journal of General Surgery

摘　　要：目的总结新生儿先天性巨结肠的诊断及治疗经验 ,对改进的治疗方案进行评估。方法回顾 1995年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月 15 5例新生儿先天性巨结肠的诊断及治疗情况 ,并且对 2 0 0 0年5月前后不同的治疗方案进行比较。结果本组 15 5例行X线钡剂灌肠、直肠测压及直肠黏膜活检确诊 ,10 7例行Ⅱ期根治术 ,4 8例新生儿期行Ⅰ期根治术。 14 7例治愈出院 ,术后发生肺炎 2 5例 ,伤口裂开 8例 ,8例死亡。在第一阶段 10 7例中 2例施行一期手术 ;第二阶段 4 8例中 4 6例施行一期手术。与第一阶段相比 ,第二阶段术后住院天数、并发症、死亡数明显下降。结论 (1)新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床症状不典型 ,一般情况较好者尽可能先保守治疗 ,造瘘术只用做最后手段。对结肠穿孔者应常规在直肠上段、乙状结肠部位行组织活检。对于诊断有疑问的病例在手术中取多处活检是必要的。 (2 )不同类型的先天性巨结肠选择不同的手术方式是治疗各种类型先天性巨结肠的原则。对于大部分常见型病例 ,经肛门手术可以取得良好效果。Objective To review the authors′ experience in the diagnosis and management of Hirschsprung′s disease (HD) in newborn during a 7 year′s period (1995～2002),and evaluate a new therapeutic regime. Methods Clinical data of all 155 newborn HD cases were analyzed. Protocols were compared before and after May 2000. Results Barium enemas, anorectic manometry and rectal biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of HD in 155 newborn cases. Two stage radical procedure was performed in 107 cases , and one stage in 48 cases. One hundred and forty-seven cases were cured. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 25 cases, wound dishences in 8 cases with 8 deaths. There was substantial difference in the incidence of complications, hospital stay and mortality between the two periods. Conclusions (1) Gastrointestinal perforation in neonatal HD cases should be managed by rectal biopsies during the exploration. (2)Different surgical treatment should be adopted in HD cases less than one month of age.

关 键 词：新生儿 先天性巨结肠 诊断 治疗 外科手术 

分 类 号：R726.5[医药卫生—儿科]