清代关中地区土地垦殖时空特征分析  

Spatial-temporal characteristics of land reclamation in Guanzhong region in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：何凡能[1] 田砚宇[1] 葛全胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理研究》2003年第6期687-697,共11页Geographical Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1 SW 0 1 0 9);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程 项目(CXIOG E0 1 0 5 0 1)

摘　　要：根据清代文献资料 ,探讨关中地区有清一代土地垦殖过程及时空特征。分析认为清代册载田亩数据不能反映本区土地垦殖的真实情况 ,并与实际情况有相悖之势 ,但在反映地域变化情况时 ,则具有一定的合理性。提出关中地区清代土地垦殖过程的五个阶段 :即明末清初的抛荒期、顺治十年至乾隆六年的复垦期。乾隆六年至咸丰末年的拓垦期、同治元年至光绪六年的新抛荒期和光绪六年至清末的新复垦期 ,大致在雍、乾之际宜农土地即已复垦完毕 ,耕地面积可达或接近原额水平 ,道、咸年间出现耕地数的历史峰值。在此基础上 ,深入分析不同地域土地垦殖的差异性 ,认为关中地区清前期的复垦是以平原、原为主 ,中期拓垦则以山地、丘陵为主 ,晚期复垦与康、雍复垦相比 ,在地域上具有明显的类同性。Based on numerable and valuable historical documents, spatial and temporal characteristics of land reclamation in Guanzhong region in the Qing Dynasty has been analyzed in this paper The results are: 1)As a taxing facility rather than a precise description of the farmland area, the registered farmland in historical documents of Guanzhong region in the Qing Dynasty didn't agree with the fact However, the records and their variations were spatially rational Obvious differences can be found between the farmland variations in different regions, while the variations in the same region were consistent 2)Five stages of the land reclamation in Guanzhong region during the Qing Dynasty were identified,i.e., a stage of desolation in the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, a stage of recultivation from the 10th year of Shunzhi Emperor to the 6th year of Qianlong Emperor, a stage of expanding reclamation from the 6th year of Qianlong Emperor to the end of Xianfeng Emperor,and still another stage of desolation from the 1st year of Tongzhi Emperor to the 6th year of Guangxu Emperor, another stage of recultivation from the 6th year of Guangxu Emperor to the end of the Qing Dynasty The arable lands were reclaimed up by the time of Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors, when farmland area reached the level of the end of the Ming Dynasty The expanding reclamation during the time of the next 4 emperors (Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng) kept on enlarging the farmland and brought it to the 'peak' level in the reign of Daoguang and Xianfeng emperors This level was not reached during the recultivation in the late Qing Dynasty 3)The land reclamation is spatially imbalanced due to environmental differences In the early stage, recultivation concentrated in the plain and tableland areas In the mid stage, expanding reclamation occurred in mountainous and hilly areas In later stage, the reclamation activities moved back to plains and tablelands As for the spatial characteristics, the plai

关 键 词：清代 土地垦殖 时空特征 关中地区 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]