中国鼠兔亚属(Subgenus Ochotona)种系发生的探讨  

THE PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SUBGENUS OCHOTONA OF CHINA

作　　者：于宁[1] 郑昌琳[1] 冯祚建[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《兽类学报》1992年第4期255-266,共12页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院分类区系特别支持费资助项目

摘　　要：本文对鼠兔亚属主要产于国内的14种,进行了严格的支序系统分析。通过对这14种形态特征分析、对比,找出了22个具有种系发生意义的性状,并用国内学者尚未采用的格局分支论的组分分析,重建了它们的种间分支亲缘关系。根据分支图及国内已有的化石和地史资料,对该亚属的演化作了初步探讨。Pikas are well represented in China,especially the subgenus of Ochotona.There are 16 extant species of this subgenus in the world,but only two of those species are not distributed in China. This case provides opportunity for us to study the phylogenetic relationships between the species of the subgenus.A cladogram is presented and phylogenetic relationships among species of the sub-genus Ochotona are discussed.For comparing the morphological characters of the 14 species of subgenus Ochotona in China, 22 characters are chosen.Plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters are inferred using the ontogenetic rule as well as in-group comparison to establish polarity of the characters. Nelson's mininum mode is used for reconstructing the cladogram, to show the phylogenetic relationships among the species.O.macrotis,O. roylei, O. iliensis and O. himalayana, which are obligate rock-dwellers, form a monophyletic group; O. nubrica,O.gaoligongensis, O.forresti,O.huangensis,O.thibetana,O,cansus and O.thomasi, which are forest-shrub-dwellers,form another one.These two are sister-groups. Following this analysis, there are closer relationships among the obligate rock-dwellers while forest-shrub-dweller is the closest in the relationship. O.koslowi, O. curzoniae, O.daurica form a more primitive group.From the fossil record it can be inferred that Bellatona may be in or quite near the line leading to Ochotona. The earliest occurrence of Ochotona in the fossil record seems to be the late Miocene in central Asia With the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,rivers cut down and the climate became cold and dry, then glaciers developed during Quaternary. After the dissection of the landforms in the Middle Pleistocene, the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau was characterized by high mountains and deep valleys.The deep valleys,climatic change and glaciers formed many barriers which isolated the populations of pikas,thus many species evolved, which make up forest-shrub-dwell and rock-dwell types. When the barriers disappeared the allied species ha

关 键 词：鼠兔亚属 鼠兔科 发生 

分 类 号：Q959.836[生物学—动物学]