家蚁的危害及控制  

Health risks associated with house ants and control methods for these pests.

作　　者：李剑泉[1] 沈佐锐[1] 侯建筠[2] 陈建新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学昆虫学系,北京100094 [2]中国林业科学院科信所,北京100091

出　　处：《昆虫知识》2003年第6期500-504,共5页Entomological Knowledge

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金 (30 2 0 0 0 5 2 );中国博士后经费 (1 6 35 4 )资助

摘　　要：该文运用环境调查、食物诱引与蚁巢饲养相结合的方法 ,研究了与室内卫生有关的主要蚂蚁种类及其危害 ,探讨了主要优势种小黄家蚁的发生规律 ,分析了家蚁控制策略及措施 ,并提出家蚁控制的研究方向。北京地区发现建筑物蚂蚁 5属 9种 ,其中小黄家蚁Monomoriumpharaonis是优势种群之一。蚂蚁的危害主要为咬扰人体、传播病菌、污染环境和损坏建筑。小黄家蚁在北京 1年发生 2～ 3代 ;生活史中有卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫 4个时期 ;2 5～ 2 7℃时 ,工蚁从卵到成虫约需 3 7d ,雌雄蚁发育历期 40d左右 ;工蚁寿命 60～ 70d ,雄蚁不超过 2 0d ,雌蚁可长达 2 70d ;室内昼夜出没 ,午夜 1 2点至凌晨 4点为活动峰时 ;四季发生 ,2月和 1 0月为高峰期。蚂蚁控制策略应以环卫预防为基础、物理控制为首要、化学防治为重点 。The health risks associated with house ants, causes of ant infestations and control methods and strategies are reviedved. Identification of the collections revealed 9 ant species belonged in 5 genera. They are main harmful for biting and troubling human beings, spreading pathogen, polluting conditions and mangling buildings. There were 2～3 generations of the pharaoh ant a year in Beijing region. The worker ant development from egg to adult lasted about 37 d, and the growth period of queen and male ant was 40 d or so at 25～27℃. The longevity of worker ant was 60～70 d and that of male ant was less than 20 d, but that of queen reached 270 d. Infestations of pharaoh ant were collected at a day and night in four seasons. The number peak appeared from 12 to 4 o'clock in the midnight and in the February. or October within a year. The control methods mainly include physical and chemical techniques. The application prospect of electromagnetic technique in the house ant control is discussed.

关 键 词：卫生害虫 蚂蚁危害 发生规律 控制策略 膜翅目 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]