三峡库区土地单元间农林复合结构对土壤水分分布的影响  

Impact of Agroforestry Structure Consisted by Different Land Units on Distribution of Soil Moisture in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

作　　者：黄闰泉[1] 李建军 

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,430079 [2]湖北生物生态职业技术学院,武汉430200

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2003年第3期26-30,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"九五"攻关项目"三峡库区多功能防护林营建技术研究与开发"(96-007-02-04)

摘　　要：通过对三峡库区迎江坡面8种连续经营8年以上的代表性土地单元间农林复合结构模式的土壤水分状况监测,研究土壤水分分布规律。结果表明:由相同土地单元组成的农林复合结构模式,因土地单元的配置结构不同,土壤水分的动态变化存在着显著差异,土壤涵养水源的能力相异。林地-经济林-坡耕地、坡耕地-林地-经济林土壤水分状况优于其他结构类型。对三峡库区经济林生产而言,坡耕地-林地-经济林结构模式最优,林地-经济林-坡耕地次之。林地-经济林-坡耕地模式土壤贮水容量最大,林地-坡耕地-经济林模式次之,坡耕地-经济林-林地模式最小。林地中配置坡耕地会显著降低土壤涵养水源能力,在暴雨后,48h内1m^3表层土壤贮水容量减小2.496t;坡耕地中配置林地能显著增加土壤持水能力,48h内1m^3表层土壤持水量增加2.02t;林地开垦比坡耕地上造林对土壤水分特性的影响更显著。By monitoring status of soil moisture in 8 models of agroforestry configuration managed for more than 8 years in riparian slopeland of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, the distribution state of soil moisture has been researched. The result shows that the models of agroforestry configuration consisted of same land units but different topological structures have remarkable difference in dynamic change of soil moisture and capability of resistance water. Status of soil moisture in agroforestry models of forest-ecological forest-cultivated slopeland and cultivated slopeland-forest-ecological forest are better than others; as far as production condition of forests, the model of cultivated slopeland-forest-economical forest is best, secondly is the forest-economical forest-cultivated slopeland. As far as capacity of water conservation, forest-economical forest-cultivated slopland is the largest, secondly is the forest-cultivated slopeland-economical forest, cultivated slopeland-economical forest-forest is the least; configuring cultivated slopeland in forest land will remarkably depress capacity of water conservation of soil, in 48 hours after storm water content in soil is decreased for 2.496t per cubic meter of soil, whereas planting forest in cultivated slopeland can remarkably increase capability of water consistence in soil, in 48 hours water content in soil is increased for 2.02t per cubic meter of soil, it displays that deforestation has more impact on moisture characters of soil in comparison with afforestation.

关 键 词：三峡库区 土地单元 农林复合结构 土壤水分分布 土壤-植物-大气连续体 坡耕地 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]