薇甘菊的危害与田野菟丝子的防除作用  

THE HARM CAUSED BY MIKANIA MICRANTHA AND ITS CONTROL BY CUSCUTA CAMPESTRIS

作　　者：昝启杰[1] 王伯荪[1] 王勇军[2] 张军丽[1] 廖文波[1] 李鸣光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [2]广东内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区管理局,深圳518040

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2003年第6期822-828,共7页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：广东省林业重点科技攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 0_0 1);深圳市科技局项目 ( 2 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 );广东省科技厅项目 (C3 170 4)

摘　　要：通过对东莞、深圳、汕尾、香港等地的 11个薇甘菊 (Mikaniamicrantha)危害并有田野菟丝子 (Cuscutacampestris)生长的野外样地的调查研究 ,结果表明 :薇甘菊的危害极其严重 ,对各样地的覆盖度高达 75 %～ 95 % ,样地共有 111种植物 ,其中属于重度危害 (III级 )和极重度危害 (IV级 )的植物达 4 0种之多 ,占总数的 36 % ,不受危害(0级 )或轻度危害的植物仅两种。田野菟丝子能寄生并致死薇甘菊 ,使样地群落中薇甘菊的盖度由 75 %～ 95 %降低到 15 %～ 2 5 % ,较好地控制了薇甘菊的危害 ,并使受害群落的物种多样性明显增加 。Human activities have broken down the barriers to long_distance dispersal of plants. Many plants have been transported by man into areas beyond their natural distribution. Mikania micrantha, a fast growing, perennial, creeping and twining plant, originating from South America and Central America, has dispersed to South China including Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administration Region. In December 2000, a vast area field investigation on the distribution and damage caused by M. micrantha in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China, was carried out. We found that Cuscuta campestris, a parasitic plant, could parasitize M. micrantha and cause host death. We established 11 permanent plots in Shanwei, Dongguan, Shenzhen of Guangdong, and Hong Kong. In May 2002, the 11 plots were re_surveyed and we evaluated the damaging effects of M. micrantha. The following parameters were measured in each plot: plants species, coverage of M. micrantha, frequency of plant species, the grade of damage caused by M. micrantha. The main results showed: 1) M. micrantha grows near forests, along rivers and streams and in disturbed areas such as roadsides. It covered 75%-95% of the area of the communities. In plot 1, all trees, shrubs and herbaceous species were covered by M. micrantha with a single Celtis sinensis of 8.5 m height, which was only slightly covered, as the only exception. 2) among 112 plant species found in the sample plots, 40 species (36% of 112 species) were seriously affected (in grade III and grade IV) by M. micrantha and only two species were not or slightly affected (in grade 0). Fourty one plant species were in gradeⅡ, making up 37% of total species. Twenty nine species were in grade I, making up 27% of total species. Only Alocasia macrorrhiza and Panicum repens were slightly affected. 3) C. campestris had decreased the coverage of M. micrantha from 75%-95% to 15%-25%, thus minimizing the harm caused by M. micrantha. The grade of influence by Cuscuta campestris was IV. So Cuscuta campestris su

关 键 词：田野菟丝子 薇甘菊 控制 危害 杂草 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]