台湾常绿阔叶林主要类型及其与大陆常绿阔叶林的关系  

EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST IN TAIWAN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH COUNTERPARTS IN China's Mainland

作　　者：宋永昌[1] 徐国士[2] 陈伟烈[3] 王希华[1] 达良俊[1] 陈添财[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062 [2]东华大学 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2003年第6期719-732,共14页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 9770 12 9);"上海市重点学科"项目

摘　　要：文中采用“常绿阔叶林”的广义概念 ,系指分布在热带以外、由常绿阔叶乔木组成林冠的森林植被类型。台湾和中国大陆东南部是常绿阔叶林分布中心。根据群落外貌结构以及生境特征将台湾常绿阔叶林分为 3个亚类 :1)亚热带适雨常绿阔叶林 ,2 )亚热带季节常绿阔叶林 ,3)山地常绿阔叶林。亚类以下根据区系特征的分类原则 ,按林木层优势种和鉴别种划分为类型集合 (或群团组 )。 3个亚类各包含一个类型集合 ,即 :榕 (Ficus)_楠 (Machilus)类型集合、楠_栲 (Castanopsis)类型集合、青冈 (Cyclobalanopsis)_栲类型集合。类型集合以下 ,进一步再按鉴别种组划分为群团。根据调查描述了 10个群落。在种类组成上 ,台湾和大陆的常绿阔叶林组成物种相同比例很高 ,样地内出现的 388种中 ,与大陆东部地区 (苏、浙、皖、赣、闽、沪 )共有种比例高达 4 9% (190种 ) ,与大陆地区共有种比例在6 0 %以上 (2 4 4种 ) ,其中不少是群落的优势种和标志种 ;另一方面 ,台湾常绿阔叶林中的特有种比例也很高 ,在 388种中 ,约 1/ 5 (84种 )是台湾的特有种。这种极高的相似性和自身的独特性 ,与台湾岛自第三纪以来几度与大陆连接和分离 。There are different understandings of the term evergreen broad_leaved forest (EBLF). In the broad sense it refers to the type of forest vegetation consisting of evergreen broad_leaved trees distributed in areas other than the tropical zone. Taiwan and the eastern part of China's Mainland are the distributional center of EBLFs. Based on the eco_physiognomy the EBLFs of Taiwan can be classified into three subtypes: subtropical ombrophilous EBLFs, subtropical seasonal EBLFs, and montane EBLFs. According to the floristic characteristics the subtype is further divided into collective_type (or group of alliance) by the dominants and the diagnostic species. Each subtype has one collective_type, that is Ficus_Machilus, Machilus_Castanopsis, and Castanopsis_Cyclobalanopsis respectively. On the basis of dominant species and diagnostic species the collective types are divided into alliance. In this paper 10 communities (similar to alliances) have been described. These are: 1) Dendrocnide meyeniana_Ficus irisana, 2) Adinandra formosana_Machilus japonica var. kusanoi, 3) Neolitsea hiiranensis_Cyclobalanopsis longinux var. koui, 4) Engelhardtia roxburghiana_Castanopsis uraiana, 5) Lasianthus appressihirtus_Castanopsis carlesii var. sessilis, 6) Beilschmiedia erythrophloia_Castanopsis carlesii, 7) Symplocos arisaenensis_Castanopsis carlesii, 8) Fatsia polycarpa_Castanopsis carlesii, 9) Rhododendron ellipticum_Cyclobalanopsis longinux, 10) Acer morrisonense_Cyclobalanopsis longinux. EBLFs of Taiwan are very similar to those of China's Mainland. Among 388 species occurring at the survey plots (with an area of 7 325 m 2) more than 60% (244 species) are common species with China's Mainland, and 49% (190 species) with the eastern part of the mainland (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Shanghai), some of them are dominant species and diagnostic species. Additionally there are many endemic species in the EBLFs of Taiwan, accounting for 1/5 (84 species) of the 388 total species. Therefore the EBLFs of Taiwan have their own un

关 键 词：常绿阔叶林 台湾省 大陆 分布 类型 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]