西双版纳热带季节雨林林冠穿透雾水的观测研究  

FOG THROUGHFALL AT A SEASONAL RAIN FOREST IN XISHUANGBANNA, SOUTHWEST CHINA

作　　者：刘文杰[1] 张一平[1] 刘玉洪[1] 李红梅[1] 段文平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2003年第6期749-755,共7页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 0 10 0 0 19);云南省应用基础研究基金 ( 2 0 0 1C0 0 2 3Q);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX1_SW_0 1_0 1A);中国生态系统研究网络 (CERN)资助

摘　　要：利用 4年 (1999～ 2 0 0 2年 )的林冠穿透雾水观测资料 ,对西双版纳热带季节雨林林冠穿透雾水进行了研究。全年林冠穿透雾水达 (89.4± 13.5 )mm(平均值±标准差 ) (雾季和干热季共占 85 .9%± 6 .6 % ) ,为全年降水量 (穿透雾水 +雨水 )的 4 .9%± 1.7%。全年水平降水 (穿透雾水 +截留雾水 )共 (337.9± 18.3)mm ,占总降水 (穿透雾水 +截留雾水 +雨水 )的 16 .4 %± 1.0 %。年林冠穿透雾水与年降雨量呈负相关关系。月林冠穿透雾水与月均最低气温呈显著的负相关 ,与月均相对湿度、月均 0∶0 0～ 10∶0 0风速及月雾日数呈显著的正相关。全年 6 8%± 5 %的有雾天气里可以收集到林冠穿透雾水 ((0 .38± 0 .2 7)mm·d-1) ,且日穿透雾水量、穿透雾水强度与气温和风速呈显著的相关 ,即气温越低、风速越大 ,日穿透雾水量、穿透雾水强度越大。对本地区热带雨林生态系统的健康生长和维持而言 ,雾及雾水极大地弥补了降雨量的不足 ,且降雨量少的年份 。Fog throughfall and related microclimatic factors were measured between November 1998 and February 2003 at a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Twelve bottle_funnel collectors were set in a random pattern on the forest floor to determine the daily amount of fog throughfall, and two funnel collectors connected with polyethylene tubing to a mechanical recording siphon_raingauge were used to determine fog throughfall intensity and temporal character. Related microclimatic variables including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall were also recorded by a meteorological observation system mounted on a 72 m meteorological tower in the study site. During the study period, absolute amounts of mean annual fog throughfall were up to (89.4±13.5) mm (mean±SD), contributing 4.9%± 1.7% of the annual precipitation, with 85.9%±6.6% of the fog throughfall collected in the foggy season (November_February) and dry_hot season (March_April). The amounts of annual fog throughfall plus fog interception accounted for 16.4%±1.0% of total annual precipitation which includes fog throughfall, fog interception and rainfall. The annual fog throughfall was negatively correlated with annual rainfall, demonstrating that the dependence on fog as an additional water input was highest in the year when rainfall was lowest but fog throughfall was high. Monthly variation in fog throughfall was different from rainfall patterns and negative correlation was found between monthly average minimum air temperature and monthly fog throughfall while positive correlations were found between monthly fog throughfall and monthly average relative humidity, monthly average wind speed during 0∶00-10∶00, and monthly sum of fog_days. In fog_drip occurring days, the average fog throughfall was (0.38±0.27) mm·d -1 and the amounts of fog throughfall per day and throughfall intensity were negatively correlated with air temperature and positively correlated with wind speed. The results sugges

关 键 词：水平降水 穿透雾水 截留雾水 热带季节雨林 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]