上海市环境空气中多环芳烃与苯并[a]芘的监测分析  

Monitoring on PAHs and BaP in Ambient Air of Shanghai

作　　者：钱华[1] 伏晴艳[2] 马伯文[3] 陈明华 蒋火明 李德 徐渭芳 邬坚平 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院环境空气研究所,上海200233 [2]上海市环境监测中心,上海200030 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司上海高桥分公司,上海201208

出　　处：《上海环境科学》2003年第11期779-784,共6页Shanghai Environmental Sciences

基　　金：上海市环境保护局重大课题;编号99-001。

摘　　要：对实施汽油无铅化前后上海市环境空气中苯并[a]芘和多环芳烃的浓度变化进行了追踪研究。用中流量总悬浮颗粒物采样器、超细玻璃纤维滤膜连续3季(1999-2000年的春、秋、夏)监测了3个监测点环境空气中7组8种多环芳烃{(PAHs)-苯并[a]芘(BaP)、荧蒽(FLT)、苯并[a]蒽(BAA)、屈(CRY)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BBF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BKF)、二苯并[a,h]蒽(DBA)和苯并[ghi]苝(BGP)}的浓度,并用高效液相色谱法进行分析,共获得81个PAHs的数据。结果表明,PAHs和BaP的浓度与监测点位车流量相关,呈现规律为秋>春>夏。BaP的最大值出现在交通繁忙区,为7.3ng/m3;次大值出现在交通与商业混合区,为6ng/m3;清洁对照点出现的最大值为4.3ng/m3,是27个样品中的第3高值。在3季监测的样本中,3个相同的最小值(0.1ng/m3)均出现在清洁对照点。BBF和BGP的浓度在每一季节、每个点上都达到最高值和次高值,而DBA和BaP浓度则出现最低值和次低值。通过与历史数据的比较,论述了上海市环境空气中BaP污染形成原因、影响因素以及控制对策。研究表明,20世纪80年代以来,上海通过调整城市工业布局、老城区拆迁、实行无燃煤区和基本无燃煤区等政策,以及推行中小燃煤锅炉改造(包括除尘技术、设备的进步和效率的提高)和市区居民生活100％燃气化等多项措施,先后关闭?Study on concentrations of BaP and PAHs in ambient air before and after application of non-lead gasoline have been conducted in Shanghai. Comparing with the existing monitoring data, it was concluded that the concentration of PAHs has decreased generally. The reasons, relative factors and countermeasures were analyzed. Using medium-flow TSP sampler (0.15m3/min, ZC-150)and ultra-fine glass fibre filter (heated for 4 hours at 350℃), concentrations of 8 PAHs by 7 groups were monitored at 3 sites. 8 PAHs composed of BaP, FLT, BAA, CRY, BBF, BkF, DBA and BGP. PAHs were analyzed by HPLC based on GB/T 15439-1995 and 81 data were obtained. Comparing the 3-season monitoring results, it showed that the concentrations of BaP and PAHs were fluctuated with the vehicle flow rates, following the general rule as ' Autumn > Spring>Summer'. The maximum concentration of BaP (7.3ng/m3) was in the heavy traffic area (1(?)); the second highest value (6.0ng/m3) was in the traffic and commerce mixing zone; the highest value at the control site was 4.3ng/m3, which was the third highest among all 27 data. The 3 same lowest data were at control site. Concentrations of BBF and BGP were the highest and the second among all seasons and sites while DBA and BaP were the lowest and the second lowest. The study showed that related measures have been taken since 1980's to mitigate the pollution of coal burning,which also contributed to the decrease of BaP concentration, such as restructured layout of in- dustries, relocation of living areas, implementing 'non-coal burning zone' and 'basically non-coal burning zone' policies, 100% use of gas in residential quarters in the city, retrofitted medium and small-duty coal boilers etc. All these measures resulted in shutting down 10,000 coal boilers and 1 million coal ball stoves, at the same time, green area has been added by 18 times. In this paper, it pointed out that more activities should be taken to change the domination of petroleum consumption in traffic sector in order to improve air quality, a

关 键 词：上海 环境空气 多环芳烃 苯并[A]芘 大气监测 微小颗粒物 高效液体色谱法 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]