手纺温石棉女工肿瘤死亡的41年队列研究  

A 40-year cohort study on cancer mortality among female workers with manual spinning of chrysotile asbestos

作　　者：孙统达[1] 李鲁 施南峰 张幸[3] 钟惠仙[3] 森永谦二 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院,杭州310031 [2]浙江省慈溪市疾病预防与控制中心 [3]浙江省医学科学院 [4]日本大阪府立成人病防治中心

出　　处：《卫生研究》2003年第6期511-513,共3页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：浙江省卫生厅科研基金 ;日中医学协会资助项目

摘　　要：采用历史性队列研究方法对手纺温石棉女工肿瘤死亡情况进行了研究 ,以寿命表法计算人年数 ,以观察人群人年数为基数计算死亡率 ,并以当地女性年龄别死亡率均值为对照计算标准化死亡比 (SMR)、相对危险度 (RR)和特异危险度 (AR)及其 95%可信区间 (CI)。调查发现 ,在对 1960～ 1980年间手纺温石棉 1年以上的 5681名女工 ,追访至 2 0 0 0年底 ,共死亡 858例 ,以肿瘤死亡为主 (2 13例 ,占 2 4 83 % ) ,其中又以肺癌居首位 (87例 ,占 40 85% ) ,死亡率分别为 12 7 47 10万与 52 0 6 10万 ,SMR各为 1 3 5(1 18～ 1 54)、3 88(3 14～ 4 79) ,AR各为 3 3 0 7 10万与 3 8 64 10万 ,均显著高于对照 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结果提示 ,手纺温石棉作业能使接触人员肺癌高发 ,与“闪石理论”、“矿物油暴露理论”和吸烟无关 ,而是由于手纺作业更易产生长度大于 10The mortality of malignant tumors among female workers with manual spi nning of chrysotile alone was investigated by a retrospective cohort study and w as calculated based on the person-year at risk of the observed group by the lif e -table method. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR), the relative risk (RR), a ttributive risk (AR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the mean age-specific mortality rate of local female popul a tion. 5 681 female workers with manual spinning of chrysotile for at least one y ear between 1960 and 1980 were traced to the end of the year of 2000. A total nu mber of 858 death cases by all causes were found. The results showed that the pe rcentage of specific causes of death, cancer (24 83%) was the first cause o f death, and the lung cancer (40 85%) was the most prevalent. SMRs for all cance r s (1 35) and for lung cancer (3 88) were significantly elevated than those of th e control group. The results indicated that the excess of lung cancer among fema le workers with manual spinning of chrysotile did not likely to be dependent on the amphibole hypothesis, the hypothesis of mineral oils exposure and cigarette smoking, but was likely related to manual spinning of asbestos operation produce d airborne fibers that were generally longer than 10μm in length than other ope rations using chrysotile.

关 键 词：肿瘤 死亡率 手纺女工 队列研究法 寿命表法 石棉纤维 肺癌 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R73-31[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]