辽西半干旱地区栎树人工造林技术的研究  

STUDIES ON THE AFFORESTATION TECHNIQUES FOR THREE OAK SPECIES INTHE SEMIARID AREAS OF WESTERN LIAONING PROVINCE

作　　者：崔建国[1] 崔文山[1] 白瑞兴 李德民 兰显臻 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省凌源市五家子国合造林站,凌源122507 [3]辽宁省凌源市河东国合造林站,凌源122500 [4]辽宁省朝阳县朝阳林场,朝阳122000

出　　处：《林业科学》2003年第6期68-76,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：辽宁省科委基金资助项目 ( 92 2 0 3 0 0 1)

摘　　要：针对辽西半干旱的自然条件 ,在油松砍伐带内、油松林冠下、油松疏林下等庇荫条件下进行了一系列栎树直播和植苗造林试验。结果表明 ,栎树在 3～ 4年生以前虽以根系生长为主 ,但主要是主根的伸长生长 ,吸收根量极少 ,难以维持地上地下水量平衡 ,荒山造林很难成功。在庇荫条件下 ,在夏季 ,光照强度大大降低 ,蒸腾强度显著减小 ,减少了水分的无益消耗 ,在冬季和冬春之交 ,则避免了因生理干旱失水造成的枯梢甚至枯干死亡 ,从而使栎树造林成活率保存率大大提高 ,生长状况明显改善。在郁闭度较大的林冠下造林 ,初期成活率、保存率可高达 1 0 0 % ,但树高和地径生长量均很小 ,而且随林龄增加 ,表现得越发明显。在合适的庇荫条件下 ,辽西 6年生栎树保存率在 90 %以上 ,平均地径 0 45～ 0 93cm ,平均树高 1 9 5～ 3 2 3cm ,根系深超过70 5cm ,直径 1 72 8cm ,挖断处 ( 70 5cm深处 )直径 0 3 3 4cm ,侧须根增多 ,吸收能力增强 ,已进入稳定生长期。根据本研究结果 ,可以得出如下结论 :辽西半干旱地区栎树人工造林要获成功 ,应该做到 :( 1 )庇护造林 ;( 2 )秋季直播造林 ;( 3 )选择土层较厚的立地 ;( 4 )细致的幼林抚育措施。Pinus tabulaeformis forest mixed with deciduous oak species such as Quercus mongolica and Q.liaotungensis is the zonal native vegetation in Western Liaoning Province. However, the present artificial vegetation dominated in Western Liaoning Province is monocultures of P.tabulaeformis. It is of great significance to introduce oak species into the pure P.tabulaeformis plantations to promote the restoration of P.tabulaeformis forest mixed with oak species and the sustainable management of the pure P.tabulaeformis plantations. The objective of this study was to investigate the afforestation techniques for Q.mongolica, Q.liaotungensis and Q.acutissima under the semiarid conditions in Western Liaoning Province. In view of the natural conditions in Western Liaoning Province, a series of direct seeding and planting experiments for oak species under different shading conditions such as in the cutting strip of P.tabulaeformis stand, under the canopy of P.tabulaeformis stand and in the open stand of P.tabulaeformis were carried out. The results showed that oak growth was characterized by growth of root system during the first 3～4 years after seeding or planting. However, it was dominated by the elongation of the taproot while the absorptive root was too less to maintain balance of water contents between the above and below ground parts of the oak seedlings and saplings. This was the main reason for the failure of oak afforestation in wild land in Western Liaoning Province. Under shading conditions, transpiration rate of oak seedlings decreased greatly because of the drastic reduction of light intensity, which reduced the waste of water in summer, while in winter and at the end of winter and at the beginning of spring, seedling death rate resulted from top_drying or withered stem after physiological drought was greatly reduced. Both situations contributed to the high survival rate and satisfactory growth of oak seedlings and saplings. The survival rate could be as high as 100% in the first few years when afforestation was d

关 键 词：辽西地区 半干旱地区 栎树 人工造林技术 直播 植苗造林试验 根系生长 荒山造林 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]