四种防己的急性毒性比较  

Comparison Studies of Acute Toxicities among Four Kinds of Fangji (Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae)

作　　者：胡世林[1] 彭俊生[2] 苏惠英[2] 林冰[2] 张宏启[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医研究院,北京100700 [2]香港浸会大学

出　　处：《中国医药学报》2003年第10期601-602,共2页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：香港浸会大学资助项目

摘　　要：目的 :比较马兜铃科和防己科来源的四种防己的急性毒性 ,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法 :经典的半数致死量LD50 测定法。结果 :马兜铃科的汉中防己和广防己的LD50 分别为 (2 5 8 0± 2 0 )g/kg和 (2 5 1± 6 4 )g/kg ;防己科木防己和粉防己LD50 分别为 (79 2±3 8)g/kg和 (81 9± 8 2 )g/kg ;致死小鼠的死亡时间分布不同 ,解剖观察均可见脏器有明显的改变。结论 :防己科木防己和粉防己不含马兜铃酸 ,但急性毒性比马兜铃科的广防己大 ;汉中防己和广防己的马兜铃酸含量水平相差不大 ,但急性毒性相差 1 0倍以上 ,这就说明LD50 与马兜铃酸含量高低不相关 。Objective: To compare acute toxicities among four kinds of Fangji (Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae) from family Menispermaceae and family Aristolochiaceae to provide a reference for clinical safe medication. Method: Classical LD50 test. Results: LD50 of Radix Aristolochia fangchi and Radix Aristolochiae Heterophyllae from family Aristolochiaceae are (258.0±20)g/kg and (25.1±6.4)g/kg respectively, and LD50 of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and Radix Cocculi Trilobi from family Menispermaceae are (79.2±3.8)g/kg and (81.9±8 2)g/kg, which shows that the mice lethal time distribution of the four herbs are different. The anatomy of the mice shows that all the groups have significant pathological changes. Conclusions: Aristolochic Acid is not contained in Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and Radix Cocculi Trilobi from family Menispermaceae, but their acute toxicities is severe than that of Radix Aristolochia fangchi from family Aristolochiaceae. Content of Aristolochic Acid in Radix Aristolochia fangchi and Radix Aristolochiae Heterophyllae from family Aristolochiaceae are similar, but the acute toxicities of them have obvious differences that one is about ten times of the other. This indicates that LD50 of Fangji has nothing to do with Aristolochic Acid and it was partial to evaluate the medication safety of Fangji by its content of Aristolochic Acid.

关 键 词：急性毒性 中药材 安全用药 马兜铃科 防己科 汉中防己 广防己 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]