对虾养殖池塘混养牡蛎对底质有机负荷的作用  

Organic loading assessments of sediments in shrimp-oyster polyculture

作　　者：苏跃朋[1] 马兟 张哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2003年第6期491-494,共4页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划项目(G1999012011)

摘　　要：以18个海水池塘陆基围隔进行对虾池塘不同密度混养牡蛎试验,利用N、S、P综合相对污染指数对不同密度混养牡蛎对虾池塘底质养殖负荷进行评估,结果表明,混养牡蛎虾池底质中N、S、P营养指标随养殖进程呈上升趋势,到实验结束时,不同密度梯度牡蛎混养围隔底质污染程度不同,根据N、S、P综合相对污染指数评估养殖负荷,各围隔呈低谷状排列:Ⅱ组(98.14)>Ⅲ组(60.64)>Ⅳ组(33.05)>Ⅴ组(29.68)<Ⅵ组(126.85);不同密度处理中,位于谷底的Ⅴ组为最佳放养密度点,对于养殖密度为4.5×106尾/hm2的对虾池塘,混养牡蛎最佳生物量为1003.2g/m3,转换为生产规模,则混养牡蛎最佳生物量为1.01×104kg/hm2。Eighteen mariculture enclosures (10 m×10 m) were built in a shrimp pond of Rushan Gulf (Shangdong Province)from April to July 2002, in which the organic loading of assessment of sediments were determined by the relative pollutant indexes (Ip)of three multiple contamination factors N, S and P. In this experiment, different densities of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) at 0 (control, groupⅠ), 126.7(groupⅡ), 253.4(group Ⅲ), 496.3(groupⅣ), 1 003.2(groupⅤ) and 1 246.1 g/m3 (groupⅥ) were set with identical shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) density at 4.5×106 prawns /hm2, and three replications were set for each treatment. The experiment period was 30 d. The levels of N, S and P in sediments were monitored at the intervals of 10 d and the Ip of three multiple contamination factors N, S and P were analyzed to assess the organic loading of sediment in each enclosure. The results show that with the culture time lasting, the contents of N, S and P increased obviously in sediments. In different polytreatment, Ip differed very much and the Ip vs Group curve showed valleyshaped that groups Ⅳ and V were at the curve bottom, both Ip lower than the controls'. The values of Ip followed the order: Ⅱ(Ip =98.14)>Ⅲ(Ip=60.64)>Ⅳ(Ip=33.05)>Ⅴ(Ip=29.68)<Ⅵ(Ip=126.85). Group Ⅴ was at the lowest point in terms of Ip, implying the optimum mixed densities of oyster and shrimp was 1 003.2g/m3 to 4.5×106 prawns /hm2.

关 键 词：围隔 牡蛎 对虾 底质负荷 混养实验 

分 类 号：S968.226.92[农业科学—水产养殖]