殷卜辞所见先公配偶考  

Shang Dynasty Inscriptions on Deceased Aristocratic Spouses

作　　者：朱彦民[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,副教授300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2003年第6期3-19,共17页Historical Research

摘　　要：商族先公配偶 ,至示壬、示癸时始见于甲骨祭祀卜辞。而此前的诸多先公 ,其配偶均未见于卜辞。一些以非妣名称出现的貌似先公配偶的材料 ,均应别作它释 ,不能径直释作先公之配偶先妣。相对于商族先公而言 ,作为先公配偶先妣的神格权能微乎其微。“示壬妣庚”作为商族第一个先公法定配偶出现的女性祖先神 ,其地位明显高于其他先妣。“娥”作为商族的女性祖先神地位较高 ,但其身份目前尚难遽定。其他先公配偶或则无考 ,或则未见。甲骨卜辞中虽有对先妣的专门祭祀 ,但在商人对先公先王举行合祭时 。Oracle bone records of the spouses of dukes in the Yin (Shang) dynasty are not s een until Ren and Gui. Materials about unidentified women indeed appear, but the se are wrongly identified as spouses of deceased lords. Compared to the dukes th emselves, their spouses status and power as deities are rather low. As the fir s t lawful spouse of a late duke and deified female ancestor, Rens wife, Geng, h o lds an obviously more prestigious status than other female ancestors. The identi ty of another prestigious female ancestor of the Shang,E, is yet to be deter min ed. Records about other spouses of deceased dukes are either untraceable or unse en. Female ancestors are not listed in sacrificial rites to all late dukes and p rinces of the Yin, although there are indeed oracular inscriptions specially for them.

关 键 词：甲骨卜辞 商族 先公 配偶 “娥” 甲骨文 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]