施工干扰下的生态系统稳定性评价—以西气东输管道工程沿线新疆干旱荒漠区为例  

Ecosystem Stability Assessment:A Case Study in Xinjiang Arid Desert Region along the West-East Gas Pipeline Project

作　　者：丘君[1] 陈利顶[1] 高启晨[1] 姜昌亮[2] 樊自立[3] 李国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国石油天然气总公司西气东输管道分公司,北京100027 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2003年第4期316-322,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(XQSGQS0 5 3 )资助

摘　　要：西气东输管道工程对沿线生态系统形成干扰 ,导致土壤质量下降 ,植被退化 ,生物多样性降低 ,风沙危害加剧等环境灾害 ,影响区域的生态安全 ,威胁到输气管道的安全运行。稳定性不同的生态系统对管道工程干扰有的反应不同 ,评价工程沿线生态系统的稳定性 ,有利于合理制定施工规范和开展工程后的生态恢复 ,对于保障区域生态系统和管道的双重安全具有重要意义。从生态系统受干扰后恢复能力的角度 ,在地理信息系统 (GIS)平台支持下 ,采用图层权重 -级别打分叠加模型 ,对管道沿线生态系统做稳定性评价。把生态系统稳定性按稳定性从低到高依次分为不稳定、欠稳定、稍稳定和稳定四个等级 ,结果发现沿线区域面积占 15 %的生态系统不稳定 ,5 2 %区域欠稳定。针对稳定性低的盐土荒漠地区 ,沙质荒漠地区和棕漠土灌木荒漠三类地区 。The West East Gas Pipeline Project (WEPP)starts from Lunnan Town of Luntai County Xinjiang, and then crosses arid desert region from west to east part of China. The project disturb the ecosystems along the pipeline, and lead to many environmental calamities such as, soil quality decline, vegetation degradation, biodiversity decline and so on. It also imperils regional eco safety and the safety of the pipeline. The ecosystems in different stable levels perform different responsibilities to the disturbance. Ecosystem stability assessment will be in favor of designing proper measures to promote the ecosystem resilience and help to protect the safety of pipeline. This paper focuses on ecosystems resilience, and values the ecosystems stability by Weight degree model with the help of GIS. The stability is classified into four levels, namely, unstable, under stable, sub stable and stable. Soil and vegetation are selected as the assessment factors. Stability levels are calculated out based on the evaluations that are given by experts according the resilience ability. It is found that Saline desert and sandy desert both belong to unstable ecosystems; meadow and shrub desert belong to under stable ecosystems, these kinds of ecosystems occupy 53% of research region area; oasis are sub stable; and stone deserts are stable. In order to promote ecosystems restoration in those unstable areas, such as salinized soil area, sandy soil area and brown desert soil area, corresponding rehabilitation measures are designed. In saline desert area, it is important to create favorable condition for vegetation restoration and salt shells recovering at ground surface. The dug out soil should be stacked and filled back respectively according to primary soil layers order. Further more, man made ridge due to pipeline can be use to collect runoff, which will promote surface vegetation recovering. For sandy desert area, it is necessary to protect the roots of plants. Grass lattice technology should be used to fix sands. Moreover, some hum

关 键 词：生态系统 稳定性评价 西气东输 管道工程 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]