干旱区典型绿洲农业生态经济系统的结构和功能分析——以塔里木河中下游的尉犁县为例  

Study on the Structure and Function of Agriculture Eco-economy System in Yuli County,Xinjiang

作　　者：杨德刚[1] 阎新华 李秀萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆伊犁州体育运动学校,伊宁市835215

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2003年第4期372-378,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中科院创新项目(KZCX1-0 8;KZCX1-0 8-0 1);国家科技攻关项目 (2 0 0 1BA5 0 8B2 4)

摘　　要：在分析农业生态系统的资源结构、农业种群结构、产业结构和空间结构的基础上 ,对新疆塔里木河中下游干旱区典型绿洲农业生态经济系统进行了能流、物流和价值流的分析。结果显示 ,在能流方面 ,尉犁县农田生态系统的能量产出水平和效率都处于较低水平 ,而较低的人工辅助能投入和有机能投入则是影响系统能量转化效率和产出率的主要原因。在物流方面 ,农田肥料投入结构单一 ,主要以化肥为主 ,而且 ,化肥使用量已超过了最适施肥量范围 ,造成土壤养分严重失衡。在价值流方面 ,农业生态经济系统价值流产投比不高 ,还处于单纯的农作物生产阶段。指出造成尉犁农业生态经济系统功能低下的主要原因是由于产业结构不合理 ,生产力水平低下 ,资金缺乏等因素。种植业比重过大 ,结构单一 ,风险大 ,增殖效果不明显。而生产成本相对较低 ,增殖效果好的畜牧业仅占8.31%。因而调整和优化产业结构 ,提高系统的经济效益势在必行。After analyzing the resource structure, agriculture specie structure, industry structure and spatial structure, this paper studies the energy flow, material flow and capital flow in representative oasis Agriculture Eco Economy System in middle and lower reaches of Xinjiang Tarim river. The results reveal the following facts in Yuli county. As to the energy flow , the energy production in cropland ecologic system is low level and inefficient .In the course of cropland production ,input man made energy and organic energy is the main factor to affect the transformation and production . As for the material flow, the structure of manure used is not diverse , fertilizer is the main manure. What's more, the fertilizer used is beyond the endure limit to soil , which results to the unbalance of soil nutrient. For the capital flow , the ratio of input output is high in the capital flow of Agriculture Eco Economy System ,which means that Yuli agriculture production is still in the phase of farm crops production . There are many reasons to cause the Agriculture Eco Economy System lower function, such as the reasonless of industry structure, the lowness of productivity level, the lack of the capital and so on.

关 键 词：农业生态经济系统 产业结构 干旱区 尉犁县 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]