边缘效应对棉田害虫和天敌种群的影响  

Edge effect on the dynamics of pests and natural enemies in cotton agroecosystems

作　　者：戈峰[1] 门兴元[1] 苏建伟[1] 刘向辉[1] 丁岩钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业害虫害鼠综合治理国家重点实验室,北京100080

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2004年第1期91-94,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 162 0 9);国家自然科学基金项目 (3 9970 13 7);中国科学院创新工程方向资助项目 (KSXC2 0 1 2和KSCX2 SW 10 3 )

摘　　要：比较了棉田中间棉株与边缘棉株上害虫、天敌的种群动态 ,分析了边缘效应对棉株 害虫 天敌能量动态的影响 .结果表明 ,棉田边缘棉株上第 2代棉铃虫幼虫发生量比其中间棉株高出 1.94倍 ;第 3代棉铃虫发生量比棉田中间要低 6 2 .12 % ;第 4代棉铃虫比中间棉株高 12 .5 % .棉田边缘棉株上苗蚜发生量比棉田中间要高出 1.0 9倍 ,伏蚜和秋蚜的数量比棉田中间分别低 97.73%和 37.70 % .棉田边缘棉株上捕食性瓢虫、蝽类、蜘蛛和寄生性天敌的种群数量低于棉田中间的数量 ,分别为棉田中间的 73.81%、35 .79%、5 2 .90 %和 39.11% ;棉田边缘棉株上害虫群落多样性高于棉田中间 ,而天敌群落的多样性低于棉田中间 ;棉田边缘的光能利用率和生产力比棉田中间的值要高 .Investigation on the population dynamics of pests and natural enemies on the cotton plants in the middle and edge of cotton agroecosystems showed that the population of the 2nd generation of cotton bollworms ( Heliocopavar armigia ) abstract and seedling aphids ( Aphis gossyppi ) abstract was respectively 1.94 times and 1.09 times higher, but that of the 3rd generation cotton bollworms and summer aphids population was respectively 62.12% and 97.73% lower in the edge than in the middle of cotton agroecosystem. The population of predacious ladybeetles, predacious bugs, spiders and parasites in the edge of cotton agroecosystem was 73.81%, 35.79%, 52.90% and 39.11% of that in the middle of cotton agroecosystem, respectively. The greater diversity of pest community and the less diversity of natural enemies community were found in the edge than in the middle of cotton agroecosystem. The increase of energy utilization efficiency and gross production in the edge of cotton agroecosystems showed the edge effect of cotton agroecosystems.

关 键 词：棉田 害虫 天敌 生产力 边缘效应 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]