广东省X射线诊断医疗照射频率与剂量水平  

The frequency and dose levels of medical diagnostic X-ray exposure in Guangdong province

作　　者：杨宇华[1] 谭光享[1] 曾锡慎[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2003年第6期5-7,共3页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科技基金资助项目 (编号 :B1 9990 0 8)

摘　　要：目的　掌握目前广东省X射线诊断医疗照射频率与剂量水平 ,加强放射卫生防护管理。方法　参照全国医疗照射调查方案 ,采用面上普查、典型调查和现场监测相结合方式 ,全省统一开展调查、统一控制质量。结果　广东省X射线诊断的应用频率为每千人口 2 2 4 81人次 ;受检者与患者在各种类型X射线诊断中的平均受照剂量水平在 0 2 3～18 67mGy范围 ,其中 ,X线电子计算机断层扫描 (CT)检查病人的头部受照剂量平均达 18 67mGy ,颈椎摄影、腰椎侧位和正位平均分别为 15 90、12 40和 7 3 4mGy ;牙科口内片、胃肠造影和骨盆摄影的平均受照剂量分别为 6 97、6 95和 6 87mGy ;胸片正位和四肢摄影的平均受照剂量分别为 0 5 4和 0 2 3mGy。调查还显示医用X射线诊断设备没有系统地开展质量控制和质量保证工作。结论　广东省X射线诊断的平均受照剂量低于GB18871 2 0 0 2推荐的指导水平 ,但应用频率高于联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会 (UNSCEAR)统计的Ⅱ级医疗保健水平 ,应该加强受检者和患者的防护。Objective To explore the frequency and dose levels of medical diagnostic X ray exposure in Guangdong province in order to strengthen the radiation health supervision and regulation. Methods Analysis based on the data from general survey, key point survey and site monitoring. Results The frequency of diagnostic X ray was 224 81 per 1?000 population in Guangdong, average dose levels were 0 23-18 67 mGy in different diagnostic X ray procedures. Among them, the average dose from cranium check of CT was as high as 18 67 mGy, whereas those from photography for neck vertebrae, laternal abdominal vertebrae and front abdominal vertebrae were averagely 15 90, 12 40 and 7 34 mGy respectively. The average doses were 6 97 and 6 87 mGy caused by photography for teeth and pelvis. Patients with gastrointestinal photoscopy might receive average dose up to 6 95 mGy. The average doses of photography for chest on back to front side and limbs were as low as 0 54 and 0 23 mGy respectively. Conclusion The application frequency of diagnostic X ray appeared to be higher than that of Ⅱ grade medical level of UNSCEAR, however, average dose levels were lower than levels of GB18871 2002. The X ray protection technology should undergo continous development.

关 键 词：X射线诊断 应用频率 剂量 水平 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]