上海嘉定区几种主要农业土壤的理化特征  

Physico-Chemical Properties of The Main Agro-Soils in Jiading District, Shanghai

作　　者：陈宗慧[1] 胡萍[2,1] 邵燕萍[1] 胡萍[2,1] 许实[3] 何明 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海201101 [2]上海出入境检验检疫局,上海200082 [3]上海交通大学分析测试中心,上海201101

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2003年第4期313-319,共7页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目资助(农科攻字(2001)第5-18号)

摘　　要：本文就嘉定区南翔、方泰、马陆及嘉定四镇的大棚、水田、果园及露地土壤的理化性质进行了初步调查与研究。研究表明:嘉定区土壤为粉(砂)壤质,除果园土壤为微酸性外大多呈中性及弱碱性。土壤酸度为果园>水田>露地>大棚,且表层<底层。大棚土壤碱性最强,且电导率较高,碱化度接近5%,有盐碱化的倾向。各处土壤阳离子交换量都处于10～20cmol(+)kg-1之间,属于保肥力中等的土壤,且果园>水田>大棚>露地。该区土壤的含氮量不高,除水田外均低于上海市农田平均水平,而磷和钾含量较高,除露地土壤外均高于市平均水平。总的来说,养分含量为水田>果园>大棚>露地。这些结果都说明:嘉定区农业土壤中,果园和水田土壤理化性状较好,养分含量高。大棚土壤养分含量也十分丰富,但土壤含盐量过高,需引起重视,防止次生盐渍化问题的产生。露地土壤养分含量最低,可以通过施有机肥,实行水旱轮作等措施进行改良。A preliminary investigation of physico chemical properties of agro-soil in Nanxiang, Fangtai, Jiading, and Malu Town in Jiading, Shanghai has been made by comparing 4 kinds of soils sampled from greenhouse, paddy field, orchard, and open-ground. The result showed that the soil texture in this district was silt (sandy) loam. The acidity of soil in the district was orchard> paddy field>open ground> greenhouse, mostly ranging from neutral to weak alkalescent except that the orchard was weak acidulous. Greenhouse soil was more alkalescent than others as its EC value was higher and its exchange sodium percentage was close to 5 %, having a tendency to be salinization. The cation exchange capacity of all the sites varied from 10 to 20 cmol(+)kg-1, indicating that the fertility hold capacity of Jiading soils was moderate. Nitrogen content in Jiading district was lower than that of the average amount in agro soil of Shanghai, except for the paddy field soil. Phosphorus and potassium was quite abundant and the content was above the average level, except for the open ground soil. Generally, nutrient content in Jiading paddy field soil showed good physico chemical properties and high nutrition level. Nutrition in greenhouse soil was also ample while the large amount of salinity was likely to cause the secondary salinization in greenhouse. Nutrition level in open ground soil was the lowest. Therefore, measures such as applying organic matter and planting rice could be taken to improve the soil quality and fertility.

关 键 词：上海嘉定区 农业土壤 大棚土壤 水田土壤 果园土壤 露地土壤 理化性质 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]