海水养殖生物病害发生和抗病力的基础研究  

Research on the Disease Occurrence and Disease Resistance of the Commercially Important Organisms in Mariculture

作　　者：董波[1] 相建海[1] 杨鸣 王继业 刘刚 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所 [2]山东省海洋工程研究院 [3]青岛经济技术开发区水产技术推广站

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2003年第6期19-24,共6页China Basic Science

基　　金：973计划项目---海水重要养殖生物病害发生和抗病力的基础研究G19990 12 0 0 0 )进展综述

摘　　要：由病害导致的海水养殖生物大规模死亡问题一直是世界海水养殖业面临的棘手难题。近年来我国海水养殖业发展迅猛 ,产量一直居世界首位 ,但由于环境恶化和种质资源衰退等原因 ,养殖生物病害种类、发生的频率及由此导致的死亡规模与日俱增 ,严重影响了水产品的产量和质量 ,每年造成的经济损失数额巨大。本文综述了国内外海洋生物病害研究现状和我国所面临的问题 ,着重论述了我国在解决海水养殖生物病害问题上的思路和近期在“973”项目资助下在病原鉴定与检测、宿主抗病力分子遗传学基础以及环境调控等方面取得的重要进展。作者认为我国海洋生物病害研究的部分成果已经进入国际前沿水平 ,但整体上同国际先进水平仍有一定差距 ,还有许多基础性的科学问题没有研究清楚。Large\|scale mortalities of marine organisms caused by the outbreak of diseases are always the troublesome problems in the world. Although China boasts the biggest mariculture industry in the world, the further development has been hindered by the disease occurrence, lacking of high quality strains and worsening of the ecological environments, which are becoming serious problems in mariculture. The annual lose is about ten billions RMB. In the present paper, the important advances on the disease occurrence and disease resistance of the commercially important organisms in mariculture are reviewed. The four main aspects are as following respectively: etiology of cultured organisms and major mechanisms of pathogen caused disease; Anti\|pathogen process and characteristics of different types of cultured organisms; Genetics of disease resistance and selection of disease resistant strains; Mechanism of impacts of environmental stress on the anti\|disease ability and environmental control. Although some distinct progress have been made in disease control of mariculture in China, more efforts must be took to answer the basic questions about the disease and disease resistance theoretically, breed new strains with fairly high stress resistant ability, create optimum health and safety culture modes, lay the theoretical and technical foundation for the sustainable development of mariculture in China.

关 键 词：病害发生 抗病力 海水养殖业 海洋生物病害 病原鉴定 宿主抗病力分子遗传学 环境调控 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济] S94[农业科学—水产养殖]