基于凭单制的公共就业培训准市场模式研究  

A Study of the Quasi-Market Mode of Public Vocational Training Based on Voucher System

作　　者：魏丽艳[1] 丁煜[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第3期135-142,共8页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"提升我国就业质量的政策研究"(12BGL084);厦门大学女性研究基地"厦门市女性就业变动状况研究";厦门大学公共服务研究中心项目成果

摘　　要：政府购买服务的公共就业培训准市场模式,在实践中表现出"契约失败"、难以对培训机构建立激励和控制机制、助长培训机构的游说行为、未能有效收集和回应民意等局限性。将凭单制引入公共就业培训市场,通过需方补贴的方式,构建公共就业培训市场的价格机制,可以引导培训机构更加关注培训绩效,同时有效规避政府设租和寻租现象。实践中就业培训券制度的试点并未得到大规模推广,主要是就业培训券制度因市场竞争不足、凭单额度有限以及培训和就业脱钩等问题,未能充分调动培训对象的参与积极性。因此,应突破典型凭单制框架,引入费用共担机制和更加多元化的供给,尤其是赋予用人单位购买者、生产者、受益者的多重角色,从而实现培训市场的充分竞争、培训对象的有效购买,从而获得更多的培训收益。The quasi-market mode of public vocational training dominated by government purchase has showed its limitations of‘contract failure' in having difficulty in establishing a stimulating and control mechanism for training agencies,encouraging the lobbying behavior of training institutions and the incompetency of understanding and responding to public opinion. This essay suggests introducing the voucher system into public vocational training market and constructing a price mechanism of public employment training market with the purchaser subsidies,which motives training agencies to improve training performance,and effectively avoids government rent-setting and rent-seeking. There are three main factors resulting in the unpopularity of vocational training voucher system in the practice,which are 1) insufficient market competition; 2)limited voucher amount; and 3) the gap between training and employment. Hence,the training objects lack participating motives. To cope with those problems,innovation of the voucher system is necessary. Shared payment mechanism,diverse supplement pattern and multi-roles of employers are suggested to bring about perfect competition of training market,efficient purchase from training objects and achievement of training benefits.

关 键 词：公共就业培训 凭单制 政府购买服务 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] C975[政治法律—中外政治制度]