桨片失能闭花受精小麦关门拒赤霉  

Breeding Wheat for Cleistogamy of Lodicule-dysfunction to Barricade Wheat Fusarium Blight(FHB)

作　　者：潘思睿 潘幸来[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《小麦研究》2017年第1期7-12,共6页Journal of Wheat Research

摘　　要：1前言小麦自体抗御病虫害的策略可归为五种类型:(1)形态阻挡型——第一道防线,如体表硬化,角质化,闭花授粉,关闭气孔,表毛拒栖,坚茎拒蜂,紧鞘避蝇等;(2)分子武器型——第二道防线,即一旦有害物侵入体内,防卫系统立即启动而随即产生相应的防卫蛋白、毒蛋白、氧肟酸、干扰素、miRNA、过敏反应等,以毒死、干扰、解体、封阻入侵物;(3)健壮耐受型——即自体强健抵御或慢发耐受或虽感病较重但产量几无损失;Wheat(Triticum aestivum) plants may have at least 3M main strategies to cope with diseases: Molecular-weapons such as self-producing toxin, defensin, interferon, antibody, miRNA, ……, to kill the intruded pathogens; Morphological-barrier such as self-forming keratinization, scleroses, surface-hair, closed stomata, closed flowering, ……, to barricade the pathogens or alien DNA from intruding the organs and/or tissues; Missed-meeting-mechanisms such as self-adjusting the developmental stage, flowering earlier or latter, ……, to avoid meeting the pathogens epidemic breakout period. FHB(Fusarium head blight) is the top worst first toughest problem in world wheat production. FHB not only damage the yield but also threaten the health safety by DON(Deoxynivalenol) or VT(Vomitoxin). FHB is a mainly floral-intrusion disease. Scientists all over the world have not discovered any effective molecular weapons in wheat germplasm library or wheat cells to fight FHB. Opened flower is good for receiving foreign pollens, and also for variation and adaptation and evolution. Closed flower is good for barricading pathogens, and also for developmental robustness and economics. Closed is the first line of defense. Closed needn't producing any extra molecular weapons. Closed saves the energy for opening. Closed is much biological and evolutional economic efficiency. Closed also keep away from the transgenic(GMOs) worries.There really exist natural cleistogamous wheat plants or lines that breeders have been caught unaware. To deal with wheat lodicules, one way is to knock out lodicule gene, the other way is to degenerate/dysfunction lodicules by manipulating the floral transcription factors. Aquaporins, actin, extensins, and elastic-proteins must also be considered. Boot-stage flowering is another way of cleistogamy in wheat, therefore flowering time adjustment should also be considered that need to manipulate the floral transcription factors too.

关 键 词：小麦 麦类作物 闭花受精 赤霉病菌 赤霉菌 外稃 闭花授粉 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]