关于陶瓷材料的脆性问题  

The Brittleness Problem of Ceramic Material

作　　者：郭景坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室,上海200050

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2003年第6期822-827,共6页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划("973")资助项目(G2000067204 2);国家自然科学基金会对外合作重点资助项目(50220160657);上海市科技发展基金项目(025nm024)

摘　　要：陶瓷材料众多优点是其他材料所不能比拟的,但是它的致命弱点是它的脆性.陶瓷材料的脆性在很大程度上影响了材料性能的可靠性和一致性.研究陶瓷材料的脆性问题,并提出改善它的有效途径就成为陶瓷材料研究工作者所特别关心的.半个世纪的研究,从陶瓷材料脆性的基础认识研究到有效改善途径的实施,首先是材料中弱界面的建立,诸如纤维补强陶瓷基复合材料、复相陶瓷材料、自增韧陶瓷材料、叠层复合材料、陶瓷材料的晶界应力设计.还有氧化锆增韧陶瓷材料、功能梯度材料、纳米陶瓷材料等都是行之有效的.在此基础上又提出多相材料,同时也研究了多种途径强化与增韧的协同效应.总之,陶瓷材料的脆性问题是可以采用不同的途径在很大程度上使之改善的,但是否可以解决陶瓷材料的脆性问题,尚不能作定论.材料的研究方向向多功能发展,这是材料发展的总趋势.Ceramic material presents a lot of merits with which that of other kinds of material are not compared, but its lack is its brittleness, which influences greatly the reliability and coincidence of material performances. It has been paid more attention to research the brittleness of ceramic material and propose the effective approaches for improving its influences. In half-century the research from the fundamental realization to the improving routes for ceramic brittleness was carrying on . The first, the building up of week interface in ceramic material was paid great attention to, such as the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite, multi-phase ceramic materials, self-enhanced ceramic materials, pile layered composites, grain boundary stress designing of ceramic materials. And the second, zirconia toughening ceramic materials, functional gradient materials and nano-ceramic materials was emphasized. And then the multi-phase materials were proposed and the synergic effect of various routes of strengthening and toughening was studied. In summary the problem of ceramic material brittleness could be improved through various approaches. However, is it able to be solved, it could not be sure yet. The materials research is developing towards to the multi-function that is the general trend for material research development.

关 键 词：陶瓷材料 脆性 复合材料 多相材料 晶界应力设计 

分 类 号：TQ174.756[化学工程—陶瓷工业] TM28[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]