黑龙江省玉米品种的种质基础和杂优利用模式分析  

Analysis on the Development Course, Germplasm Basis and Hybridizing Model of Maize Varieties in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：苏俊 李春霞 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农科院玉米研究中心,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2004年第1期1-5,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：八五";"九五"国家科技攻关资助项目

摘　　要：通过对黑龙江省1980～1999年20年间玉米品种的发展历程,年种植面积前5位玉米杂交种的常用自交系遗传基础和种植面积在1 0万hm2以上玉米杂交种的遗传组成分析结果表明,黑龙江省玉米种质基础有从外杂选育亚群、综合种选亚群向4大系统发展的明显趋势。黑龙江省玉米杂种优势利用模式,80年代以综合种选亚群×外杂选亚群和综合种选亚群×Mo17亚群为主,90年代以改良Reid群×Mo17亚群和唐四平头群×Mo17亚群模式为主。反映出黑龙江省玉米杂优模式单一,种质遗传基础狭窄。The development course of maize varieties from 1980 to 1999 in Heilongjiang province, the genetic basis of the inbreds composing the top 5 maize hybrids with the largest yearly planting areas and the genetic composition of maize hybrids with planting area over 10 thousand hm^2 are analyzed in the paper. The results show that there is a clear trend that the germplasm basis of maize in Heilongjiang province is developing from the subpopulation derived from foreign hybrids to the subpopulation derived from synthetic varieties then to the four systeme. The model of maize heterosis utilization in Heilongjiang province is mainly subpopuation derived from synthetic varieties×subpopulation derived fom foreign hybrids and subpopulation derived from synthetic varieties×Mo17 subpopulation in 1980s and in 1990s, mainly modified Reid population×Mo17 subpopulation and Tangsipingtou population×Mo17 subpopulation. These indicate that the model of maize hybrids in Heilongjiang province is simple and the genetic basis of germplasm is marrow. Therefore, strengthening the studies on creation of basic material in maize breeding and widening the germplasm basis in Heilongjiang province are the urgent tasks.

关 键 词：玉米 杂交种 种质基础 杂优模式 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]