燃煤电厂废弃物中的砷对周围环境的影响  

THE IMPACTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT UPON ARSENIC IN COAL-BURNED WASTES FROM A POWER PLANT

作　　者：徐文东[1] 曾荣树[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《矿物岩石》2003年第4期110-114,共5页Mineralogy and Petrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40272127)

摘　　要：　通过对电厂的煤、除尘器飞灰、渣、烟囱排放的不同粒度的细小飞灰中的砷进行分析对比,并对煤、除尘器飞灰和渣进行淋滤实验研究发现。砷在飞灰中富集,在渣中亏损,并且在细小飞灰中明显富集,20μm以下的飞灰中分布均匀。煤和渣中的砷有一定的迁移性,飞灰中的砷相对迁移性低,煤中部分砷与铁锰氧化物相关,飞灰和渣中的砷主要与碳酸盐及表面氧化物离子相关,还有部分易进行离子交换,在酸性甚至中性条件下,飞灰和渣中的砷与周围的水等介质可以部分发生交换从而进入环境。煤中约有三分之一的砷会直接挥发入空气中,随烟气排放的细小飞灰中砷明显富集且其中的相当一部分是2.5μm以下的颗粒,对大气环境及人体的潜在影响不容忽视,适当的措施减少砷的排放量很有必要。In this paper, samples of coal, fly ash, slag and tiny fly ashes with different sizes are analysed. leaching tests of coal fly ash and slag are also carried out.Comparing with that in slag arsenic is enriched in fly ash. In tiny fly ashes, arsenic has a higher enrichment factor. It shows that arsenic tends to be in fly ash, especially small particle fly ash. Mobility of arsenic in coal and slag is higher than that in fly ash.The of arsenic in fly ash and slag can be portly transferred to the environment by water. About one third of arsenic in coal will be put into air directly during coal burning. As arsenic enriched in tiny fly ash,mostly with size below 2.5 μm can stay in air for a long time, the arsenic in flow gas and tiny fly ash may has remarkable impacts upon the environment. Methods to reduce arsenic emission are important.

关 键 词：燃煤电厂 飞灰 痕量元素 砷 

分 类 号：X784[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X131.1