低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外滴注用于产妇自控分娩镇痛的临床观察  

Clinical investigation on patient-controlled epidural analgesia with low dose ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in labor

作　　者：刘湘[1] 曾素耘[1] 吴效科[1] 刘建[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京军区南京总医院妇产科,江苏南京210002 [2]南京军区南京总医院麻醉科,江苏南京210002

出　　处：《医学研究生学报》2004年第1期35-36,40,共3页Journal of Medical Postgraduates

摘　　要：目的 :探讨硬膜外置管注入低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于产妇自控分娩镇痛的效果及其对产程、分娩方式、母婴的影响。　方法 :选择 14 0例足月初产妇 ,排除硬膜外置管及阴道分娩禁忌证 ,按产妇意愿分为镇痛组和对照组 (各 70例 )。镇痛组在产程进入活跃期 ,行硬膜外置管注入低浓度罗哌卡因 (0 .12 % )复合芬太尼混合液进行患者自控镇痛法 (PCA)。其背景注药浓度为 6ml/h ,冲击量为 2ml/次 ,锁定时间为 10min。对照组按产科常规处理。观察记录镇痛效果、运动神经阻滞程度以及产程时间、分娩方式、对母婴的影响等。　结果 :硬膜外置管后15min ,98.5 8%的产妇无痛 (VAS评分 0 .0 5 7± 0 .4 8) ,4 .3%的产妇有轻度运动神经阻滞 (MBS评分 0 .0 7± 0 .31) ;6 0min后所有产妇均可随意运动下肢 (MAS评分均为 0 )。镇痛组活跃期时间明显短于对照组 ,但第二产程时间明显长于对照组 ,催产素使用率明显高于对照组 ;第三产程时间、产后出血量、新生儿出生后 1min、5minApgar评分与对照组无显著差异 ;剖宫产率、产钳助产率与对照组亦无显著差异。　结论 :低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外置管用于产妇自控分娩镇痛效果确切 ,对运动神经阻滞较轻 ;能加快活跃期 ,但延长第二产程 ,增加催产素使用率 ;不增加剖宫产率。Objective:To evaluate the analgesic effect of low dose ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and its influence on labor and safety of mothers and their newborns. Methods:One hundred and forty healthy nullipara at term were randomly assigned to epidural analgesia or control group. The analgesia group received PCEA when their labor stage reached active period in the first stage of labor.The PCEA mode was background infusion 6 ml/h, bonus 2 ml,lockout time 10 min/each infusion. The VAS, modified Bromage scale(MBS),duration and mode of labor, postpartum hemorrhage,Apgar scores of newborns were recorded. Results:Fifteen minutes after application of PCEA,98.58% of patients felt no pains(VAS 0.057±0.48),only 4.8% showed a mild motor block(MAS 0.07±0.31).By the 60 min,all patients could move the lower limbs freely (MAS 0). The analgesia group had a significantly shorter duration of active period in the first stage of labor than that of the control group, but a significant longer duration of the second stage. In addition, the oxytocin usage was significantly more frequently in analgesia group than those in placebo group.There was no difference between the two groups in the duration of third stage, postpartum hemorrhage, Apgar scores of newborns in 1 min and 5 min, rate of cesarean section and instrumental delivery.Conclusion:Epidural analgesia with low dose ropvicaine combined with fentanyl is safe and effective, which has no influence on mothers and their infants. It could shorten the active period of labor, but may increase oxytocin usage. The ratio of cesarean section and instrumental delivery was similar between the two groups. This kind of labor analgesia is beneficial and do no harm to mothers as well as newborns.

关 键 词：硬膜外麻醉 罗哌卡因 芬太尼 产妇 分娩镇痛 自控镇痛法 催产素 

分 类 号：R714.3[医药卫生—妇产科学] R614.42[医药卫生—临床医学]