化学杀虫剂对不同类型棉田害虫、天敌种群的影响  

Effects of chemical insecticides on populations of insect pests and natural enemies in different cotton fields

作　　者：苏丽[1,2] 戈峰[1] 刘向辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合治理国家重点实验室,北京100080 [2]广西大学农院,南宁530005

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第12期2631-2641,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 1 62 0 9) ;中国科学院知识创新资助项目 (KSCX2 -0 1 -0 2 ;KSCX2 -SW-1 0 3 ) ;国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 9970 1 3 7) ~~

摘　　要：研究了化学杀虫剂对 6种不同类型棉田的害虫、天敌种群数量及其相互作用的影响。结果表明 ,化学防治使棉花苗期棉蚜数量下降 ,但不能抑制中后期棉蚜数量 ;除豆间棉田外 ,其他类型棉田化防区棉红蜘蛛和棉铃虫数量低于未防区。化学防治使各类型棉田天敌数量减少 ,以单作棉田天敌数量减少最明显 ,间套作棉田天敌数量下降幅度较小 ;此外 ,棉田不同天敌种群所受的影响存在一定差异 ,化学防治对瓢虫、捕食蝽类的影响显著 ,数量下降剧烈 ,但蜘蛛类群下降幅度比前两者小。化学防治对棉田害虫与天敌的相互关系的影响随棉田类型或害虫、天敌种类的不同而有所差异。Effects of chemical insecticides on populations of insect pests and natural enemies in 6 types of cotton field were studied in Raoyang County, Hebei Province, China in 1999. The cotton field types included: spring-planting cotton (planted on 27 April), late-planting cotton (planted on 15 May), summer-planting cotton (planted on 15 June), cotton-wheat intercropping in spring (planted on 27 April), cotton-bean intercropping (planted on 27 April), and cotton-wheat intercropping in summer (planted on 30 May). Treatments included an untreated plot and a plot sprayed insecticides for bollworm and cotton aphid control (Monocrotophos and Methomyl, respectively). Cotton varieties were conventional. ; The results showed that chemical insecticides evidently affected population sizes of insect pests and natural enemies. Chemical control reduced numbers of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii in early cotton growth stage, but numbers of cotton aphid in untreated plots was similar compared with numbers in treated plots in middle and later cotton growth stages. Except for cotton-bean intercropping field, numbers of the cotton red spider, Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera in untreated plots were higher than in treated plots in other cotton fields. The numbers of thrips, Thrips tabaci in treated plots were higher compared with untreated plots in spring-planting, late-planting, summer-planting, cotton-wheat intercropping in spring, however, lower in cotton-bean intercropping and similar in cotton-wheat intercropping. Chemical control acutely reduced numbers of natural enemies, which in treated plots were lower in monoculture cotton fields than in intercropping cotton fields. Reduction in numbers of ladybird beetles and predatory true bugs was more significant than that in predatory spiders numbers in treated plots. ;Insect pests numbers in intercropping cotton fields weren't lower than in monoculture cotton fields, but effects of intercropping systems were significant on cotton red spiders, lower on cotto

关 键 词：棉田类型 化学杀虫剂 害虫种群 天敌种群 相关性 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]