几种生态环境中AM真菌多样性比较研究  

Comparison of diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different ecological environments

作　　者：王发园[1] 刘润进[1] 林先贵[2] 周健民[2] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院菌根生物技术实验室,山东莱阳265200 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第12期2666-2671,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 1 70 62 2)~~

摘　　要：对渤海湾的海岛林地 ( IFL) ,黄河三角洲盐碱地 ( SAS)、鲁西南煤矿 ( CMS)和内蒙古退化草原 ( DGL)等几种生态环境中丛枝菌根 ( Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌的多样性进行了调查。结果表明 ,在所调查的样点中 ,AM真菌的物种多样性不同 ,IFL中的最高 ,其次是 SAS,CMS和 DGL的最低。各地 AM真菌种的丰度、孢子密度、频度、相对多度等也差异较大。这与各生态环境中的生态因子的差异相关。在总体上 ,Glomus属在各采样点出现的频度和相对多度最高 ,其次是 Acaulospora属。但不同生态环境之间又存在差异 ,例如 CMS中 Acaulospora属的频度和相对多度比 Glomus属的高。在 IFL中 ,Gigaspora属的相对多度比 Acaulospora属的高。各生态环境中的生态优势种不同 ,如在 CMS中是 A.mellea,在 IFL和 SAS土壤中却分别是 Gi.margarita和 G.caledonium,而 DGL中各个种的分布却较均衡。Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inhabit a variety of ecosystems including farmland, forests, grasslands, deserts, marine beaches, saline soils, coal-mine spoil heaps, and industrially polluted zones. The biodiversity of AM fungi is considerable. The first objective of this paper was to survey the species richness, spore density, frequency, and relative abundance of AM fungi in the island forest-land of Bohai Bay, Shandong Province, the saline soils in Yellow River Delta, the coal-mine spoil heaps in south-western Shandong Province and the degenerated grassland in Inner Mongolia. A second objective was to compare the differences in AM diversity among the various ecosystems. To do this, soil and roots of dominant wild plants were collected randomly from the four surveyed environments. Samples were studied in the laboratory using trap cultures and spore counts which enabled AM fungi to be identified.There were 40 species of AM fungi in the island forest-land, 33 in the saline soils, 21 in coal-mine spoil soils and 14 in degenerated grassland respectively. The differences in species richness, spore density, frequency, relative abundance of AM fungi in these sites were related to different ecological factors in the surveyed environments. Generally, Glomus was the dominant genus, having the greatest frequency and relative abundance at all sample sites, and this was followed by Acaulospora. However, the frequency and relative abundance of Acaulospora at coal-mine spoil sites was higher than those of Glomus. At the island forest-land, the relative abundance of Gigaspora was higher than Acaulospora. A.mellea was the dominant species at the coal-mine spoil sites while Gi.margarita was dominant in the island forest-land, and G.caledonium in the saline soils. The distribution of the various AM fungi in the degenerated grassland was relatively even, with no species being particularly abundant.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 废煤矿 退化草原 物种多样性 生态环境 AM真菌 丛枝菌根 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]