科尔沁沙地植物群落恢复演替系列种群生态位动态特征  

Niche dynamics of main populations of plants communities in the restoring succession process in Horqin Sandy Land

作　　者：张继义[1] 赵哈林[1] 张铜会[1] 赵学勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2003年第12期2741-2746,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4870 4)~~

摘　　要：以科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复过程不同阶段和不同演替时间的 6个群落类型的取样为对象 ,研究了植被恢复过程群落演替序列主要种群的生态位动态特征。结果表明 :演替过程每一群落类型优势种的作用明显 ,具有最大的生态位宽度。生态位宽度在演替序列的动态变化较好地对应着种群动态 ,生态位宽度是种群动态的一个间接测度。是种群在群落中的地位和作用的数量表达 ,能够较好地解释群落演替过程种群的环境适应性和资源利用能力。沙米、雾冰藜、狗尾草、差巴嘎蒿、猪毛菜、隐子草分别是演替时间为 1 a、3a、5 a、1 2 a、2 0 a和 30 a群落的优势种群。在群落演替序列较高的生态位重叠是适宜生境斑块化和空间异质性的结果 ,同时也反映了演替序列群落的过渡性质以及群落结构的不稳定性。In this paper the niche dynamics of main species were studied with 6 types of grassland community sampled in the process of vegetation restoration in Horqin sandy land. Our results showed that there are obvious succession stages in the restoration process and that each stage is marked by a typical community, which is dominated absolutely by one species with the largest niche breadth in the community. The changes of niche breadths in the succession series properly reflect the population dynamics and can be a indirect measurement for population dynamics. Agriophyllum squarrosum, Bassia dasyphylla, Setaria viridis, Artemisia halodendron, Salsola collina and Cleistogenes squarrosa are the dominants of communities, of which the succession time is 1yr, 3yr, 5yr, 12yr, 20yr and 30yr, respectively. And dynamics of their niche breadths are respectively as follows: Agriophyllum squarrosum is 0.6225→0.4889→0.0511→0.0268→-→-, Bassia dasyphylla is 0.1012→0.5184→0.4823→0.1402→0.3482→0.0920, Setaria viridis is 0.2481→0.4908→0.5575→0.4444→0.1953→0.197, Artemisia halodendron is 0.0367→0.2267→0.3132→0.6472→0.2680→-, Salsola collina is 0.0667→0.1594→0.2318→0.3321→0.4833→0.3861, and Cleistogenes squarrosa is -→-→-→-→0.1104→0.5721. Higher niche overlaps may be the results of patchness and heterogeneity of suitable habitat, and also reflect the instability and transition state of grassland communities in the succession process.

关 键 词：科尔沁沙地草地 植物群落 种群 生态位 动态特征 植被恢复 演替过程 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]