银杏雄株花粉形态特征及超微结构观察  

Studies of Ultrastructure on the Morphological Character on Ginkgo Pollen

作　　者：凌裕平[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《园艺学报》2003年第6期712-714,共3页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金资助项目[(2001)128]

摘　　要：对银杏雄株花粉扫描和透射电子显微镜观测发现:(1)银杏花粉粒在干燥条件下为舟形,吸水后为椭圆形,由薄壁萌发区(约占总面积的40％)和具覆盖层外壁区域(约占总面积的60％)两部分组成,两者交界处有明显的瘤状突起,分类上属于NPC系统中NoP1C1类型;(2)花粉的表面纹饰为瘤状纹饰,有光滑型、粗糙型和中间型;(3)花粉外壁为具覆盖层外壁(厚度0.75-0.82 μm)和薄壁萌发区域(厚度0.23-0.28 μm),基粒棒之间有空隙,与微孔相连,吸水后覆盖层部分的厚壁组织伸展,暴露萌发区,失水收缩时覆盖层覆盖萌发区域,对薄壁萌发区有保护作用;(4)生殖细胞肥大,单个,长约10.32-11.28 μm,坐落赤道轴附近,排列方向与赤道轴平行,为2-细胞型花粉。(5)花粉为具多环孔,属于内萌发器,萌发器不开放,被一层外层物质覆盖。Ginkgo pollen is scanned and transmitted under electronics microscope and something is found: (1) The ginkgo pollen grain form, for the boat shape under the dry condition, it is back for the oval to inhale water, and it is compose of two parts, the sprouting thin-wall construction (occupying about 40% of total area) and the ectotheca with overburden (occupying about 60% of total area), and both border land have clear warty evec-tion. The form is N0P1C1 type in NPC system on the classification. (2) The warty ornamentation pollen has the three kinds, Smooth type, rough type and I-type. (3) The ultrastructure of pollen under the electronics microscope shows: The ectotheca of ginkgo pollen is composed of two part, the sprouting thin-wall construction (0.23-0.28 μm in thickness) and overburden (0.75-0.82 μm in thickness). The overburden in border land of them is clearly thicken to warty evection. The lacuna among the baculums is linked together with millipore. The scle-renchyma of overburden, spreads when inhaling water and uncovers sprouting part, and systoles when losing water and covers sprouting part partly, which preserves the sprouting part. (4) The only reproduction cell, fatness, 10.32-11.28 μm in length, is 2-cellular type. It is nearby situated the equatorial axis, and parallel with it in align. (5) There are polycyclic pores on the pollen, which is sprouting organ inside the pollen. Then sprouting organ with overburden is folded.

关 键 词：银杏 雄株花粉 形态特征 超微结构 

分 类 号：S664.3[农业科学—果树学]